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Differential genotoxicity mechanisms of silver nanoparticles and silver ions

Archives of Toxicology : Volume 90

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Archives of Toxicology : Volume 83

Archives of Toxicology : Volume 75

Differential genotoxicity mechanisms of silver nanoparticles and silver ions

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Li, Yan Qin, Taichun Ingle, Taylor Yan, Jian He, Weiwei Yin, Jun Jie Chen, Tao
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	In spite of many reports on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), the mechanisms underlying the toxicity are far from clear. A key question is whether the observed toxicity comes from the silver ions (Ag+) released from the AgNPs or from the nanoparticles themselves. In this study, we explored the genotoxicity and the genotoxicity mechanisms of Ag+ and AgNPs. Human TK6 cells were treated with 5 nM AgNPs or silver nitrate (AgNO3) to evaluate their genotoxicity and induction of oxidative stress. AgNPs and AgNO3 induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a similar range of concentrations (1.00–1.75 µg/ml) when evaluated using the micronucleus assay, and both induced oxidative stress by measuring the gene expression and reactive oxygen species in the treated cells. Addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an Ag+ chelator) to the treatments significantly decreased genotoxicity of Ag+, but not AgNPs, while addition of Trolox (a free radical scavenger) to the treatment efficiently decreased the genotoxicity of both agents. In addition, the Ag+ released from the highest concentration of AgNPs used for the treatment was measured. Only 0.5 % of the AgNPs were ionized in the culture medium and the released silver ions were neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic at this concentration. Further analysis using electron spin resonance demonstrated that AgNPs produced hydroxyl radicals directly, while AgNO3 did not. These results indicated that although both AgNPs and Ag+ can cause genotoxicity via oxidative stress, the mechanisms are different, and the nanoparticles, but not the released ions, mainly contribute to the genotoxicity of AgNPs.
Starting Page	509
Ending Page	519
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03405761
Journal	Archives of Toxicology
Volume Number	91
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14320738
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-05-14
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Silver nanoparticles Cytotoxicity Genotoxicity Silver ion Oxidative stress In vitro micronucleus assay Pharmacology/Toxicology Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Environmental Health Biomedicine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Medicine Toxicology

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