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Re-evaluation of the WHO (2010) formaldehyde indoor air quality guideline for cancer risk assessment

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Nielsen, Gunnar Damgård Larsen, Søren Thor Wolkoff, Peder
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) established an indoor air quality guideline for short- and long-term exposures to formaldehyde (FA) of 0.1 mg/m3 (0.08 ppm) for all 30-min periods at lifelong exposure. This guideline was supported by studies from 2010 to 2013. Since 2013, new key studies have been published and key cancer cohorts have been updated, which we have evaluated and compared with the WHO guideline. FA is genotoxic, causing DNA adduct formation, and has a clastogenic effect; exposure–response relationships were nonlinear. Relevant genetic polymorphisms were not identified. Normal indoor air FA concentrations do not pass beyond the respiratory epithelium, and therefore FA’s direct effects are limited to portal-of-entry effects. However, systemic effects have been observed in rats and mice, which may be due to secondary effects as airway inflammation and (sensory) irritation of eyes and the upper airways, which inter alia decreases respiratory ventilation. Both secondary effects are prevented at the guideline level. Nasopharyngeal cancer and leukaemia were observed inconsistently among studies; new updates of the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) cohort confirmed that the relative risk was not increased with mean FA exposures below 1 ppm and peak exposures below 4 ppm. Hodgkin’s lymphoma, not observed in the other studies reviewed and not considered FA dependent, was increased in the NCI cohort at a mean concentration ≥0.6 mg/m3 and at peak exposures ≥2.5 mg/m3; both levels are above the WHO guideline. Overall, the credibility of the WHO guideline has not been challenged by new studies.
Starting Page	35
Ending Page	61
Page Count	27
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03405761
Journal	Archives of Toxicology
Volume Number	91
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14320738
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-05-21
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Formaldehyde World Health Organization Indoor air guideline Cancer Risk assessment Pharmacology/Toxicology Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Environmental Health Biomedicine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Medicine Toxicology

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