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Acidic cellular microenvironment modifies carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Shi, Q. Maas, L. Veith, C. Van Schooten, F. J. Godschalk, R. W.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Chronic inflammation creates an acidic microenvironment, which plays an important role in cancer development. To investigate how low pH changes the cellular response to the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), we incubated human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 and BEAS-2B) with nontoxic doses of B[a]P using culturing media of various pH’s (extracellular pH (pHe) of 7.8, 7.0, 6.5, 6.0 and 5.5) for 6, 24 and 48 h. In most incubations (pHe 7.0–6.5), the pH in the medium returned to the physiological pH 7.8 after 48 h, but at the lowest pH (pHe < 6.0), this recovery was incomplete. Similar changes were observed for the intracellular pH (pHi). We observed that acidic conditions delayed B[a]P metabolism and at t = 48 h, and the concentration of unmetabolized extracellular B[a]P and B[a]P-7,8-diol was significantly higher in acidic samples than under normal physiological conditions (pHe 7.8) for both cell lines. Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1/CYP1B1) expression and its activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity) were repressed at low pHe after 6 and 24 h, but were significantly higher at t = 48 h. In addition, a DNA repair assay showed that the incision activity was ~80% inhibited for 6 h at low pHe and concomitant exposure to B[a]P. However, at t = 48 h, the incision activity recovered to more than 100% of the initial activity observed at neutral pHe. After 48 h, higher B[a]P-DNA adduct levels and γ-H2AX foci were observed at low pH samples than at pHe 7.8. In conclusion, acidic pH delayed the metabolism of B[a]P and inhibited DNA repair, ultimately leading to increased B[a]P-induced DNA damage.
Starting Page	2425
Ending Page	2441
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03405761
Journal	Archives of Toxicology
Volume Number	91
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	14320738
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-12-22
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Acidic pH Benzo[a]pyrene Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) DNA damage NER Pharmacology/Toxicology Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Environmental Health Biomedicine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Medicine Toxicology

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