NDLI: From pluripotency to forebrain patterning: an in vitro journey astride embryonic stem cells

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lupo, Giuseppe Bertacchi, Michele Carucci, Nicoletta Augusti Tocco, Gabriella Biagioni, Stefa Cremisi, Federico
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been used extensively as in vitro models of neural development and disease, with special efforts towards their conversion into forebrain progenitors and neurons. The forebrain is the most complex brain region, giving rise to several fundamental structures, such as the cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus, and the retina. Due to the multiplicity of signaling pathways playing different roles at distinct times of embryonic development, the specification and patterning of forebrain has been difficult to study in vivo. Research performed on ESCs in vitro has provided a large body of evidence to complement work in model organisms, but these studies have often been focused more on cell type production than on cell fate regulation. In this review, we systematically reassess the current literature in the field of forebrain development in mouse and human ESCs with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of early cell fate decisions, taking into consideration the specific culture conditions, exogenous and endogenous molecular cues as described in the original studies. The resulting model of early forebrain induction and patterning provides a useful framework for further studies aimed at reconstructing forebrain development in vitro for basic research or therapy.
Starting Page	2917
Ending Page	2930
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1420682X
Journal	Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Volume Number	71
Issue Number	15
e-ISSN	14209071
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Basel
Publisher Date	2014-03-19
Publisher Place	Basel
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Epiblast Neural induction Neuroectoderm Anteroposterior patterning Telencephalon Eye field Cell Biology Biomedicine general Life Sciences Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Molecular Biology Molecular Medicine Pharmacology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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