NDLI: Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Carotid Plaque Vulnerability: Impact on Ischemic Stroke

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Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Carotid Plaque Vulnerability: Impact on Ischemic Stroke

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Pelisek, Jaroslav Eckstein, Hans Henning Zernecke, Alma
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Stroke is among the major causes of mortality and disabilities in the world. About 80 % of all strokes in the anterior circulation are ischemic and up to 20 % of all ischemic strokes are caused by extracranial atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis. The prevalence of a cervical internal carotid artery stenosis increases with age and can be found in 6.9 % of the elderly population (>65 years). Atherosclerotic changes of the carotid vessel wall can lead to plaque vulnerability and may result in arterio-arterial embolism, which frequently underlie carotid-related cerebrovascular ischemic events. Carotid atherosclerosis is characterised by inflammation, extensive degradation of extracellular matrix components, neovascularization, and as recently recognised is also affected by epigenetic changes. These factors accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis towards vulnerable plaques and increase the risk of ischemic stroke. In this review, the main pathophysiological mechanisms leading to rupture-prone carotid artery plaques and successive ischemic stroke are considered. It is important to recognise the heterogeneity of atherosclerosis and that various pathophysiological processes dissected in this review are not acting individually, but rather in a complementary manner. The identification and careful integration of all relevant factors will be required for the development of future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Starting Page	431
Ending Page	442
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0004069X
Journal	Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
Volume Number	60
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	16614917
Language	English
Publisher	SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel
Publisher Date	2012-09-04
Publisher Place	Basel
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Carotid atherosclerosis Vulnerable carotid plaque Ischemic stroke Pharmacology/Toxicology Immunology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Immunology and Allergy Immunology

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