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Astrocyte regulation of blood flow in the brain.
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Vicar, Brian A. Mac Newman, Eric A. |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | Neuronal activity results in increased blood flow in the brain, a response named functional hyperemia. Astrocytes play an important role in mediating this response. Neurotransmitters released from active neurons evoke Ca(2+) increases in astrocytes, leading to the release of vasoactive metabolites of arachidonic acid from astrocyte endfeet onto blood vessels. Synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) dilate blood vessels, whereas 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) constricts vessels. The release of K(+) from astrocyte endfeet may also contribute to vasodilation. Oxygen modulates astrocyte regulation of blood flow. Under normoxic conditions, astrocytic Ca(2+) signaling results in vasodilation, whereas under hyperoxic conditions, vasoconstriction is favored. Astrocytes also contribute to the generation of vascular tone. Tonic release of both 20-HETE and ATP from astrocytes constricts vascular smooth muscle cells, generating vessel tone. Under pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and diabetic retinopathy, disruption of normal astrocyte physiology can compromise the regulation of blood flow. |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://www2.neuroscience.umn.edu/eanwebsite/PDF%20EAN%20pubs/Cold%20Spring%20Harb%20Perspect%20Biol%202015.pdf |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/7/5/a020388.full.pdf |
| PubMed reference number | 25818565v1 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a020388 |
| DOI | 10.1101/cshperspect.a020388 |
| Journal | Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology |
| Volume Number | 7 |
| Issue Number | 5 |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Adenosine Triphosphate Alzheimer's Disease Arachidonic Acid Astrocytes Blood Vessel Tissue Diabetic Retinopathy Dilate procedure Dinoprostone Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Fatty Acids, Omega-6 Hippocampus (Brain) Hyperemia Metabolite Muscle Cells Muscle, Smooth, Vascular Myocytes, Smooth Muscle Name Oxygen Potassium Prostaglandins Retinal Diseases Smooth muscle (tissue) Vascular constriction (function) Vasodilation disorder physiological aspects |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
