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Caractérisation Des Beta-lactamases Et Leur Inhibition Par Les Extraits De Plantes Médicinales
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Piéboji, Joseph Gangoué Frère, J. |
| Copyright Year | 2007 |
| Abstract | J. Gangoue Pieboji These de Doctorat xi ABSTRACT Bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) have been reported in many countries, but there is no information on different type of ESBL-producing enterobacteria in Cameroon. More than 290 β-lactamases have been described and divided into four classes (A, B, C and D) and up to now, there is no good inhibitor which can inhibite all classes of β-lactamases. A total of 267 strains of Enterobacteriaceaae were isolated between 1995-1998 (259 isolates) and 2002 (eight isolates) from pathological products (urines, pus and blood) of patients at the Yaounde Central Hospital. The susceptibility of the isolates to 12 antibiotics (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, piperacillin, imipenem, cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, gentamicin, ofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) was determined using the agar diffusion disk method. Imipenem, ofloxacin and ceftazidime were the most active antibiotics against overall enterobacteria with susceptibility rates of 100%, 91% and 88% respectively. High resistance rates were observed to amoxicillin (90%), piperacillin (79%), cefazolin (75%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (73%). Enterobacteria isolates (69) resistant to oxyimino-cephalosporin or monobactam were screened for ESBL production by the double disk (DD) synergy test. Thirty-eight (31 from 1995-1998; seven in 2002) were proved positive to the DD synergy test, suggesting the presence of ESBL. The prevalence of ESBL was 12% (31/259) and ESBL-producing strains were Klebsiella spp. (18.8%), Citrobacter spp. (17.6%), Escherichia coli (14.3%) and Proteus spp. (1.8%). Of the 38 ESBL-producing strains, 18 (47.4%) were transferred resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins to E. coli HK 225, K12 and DH5α. Sixteen of these strains were transferred ESBL gene by conjugation and two by transformation. Resistance to gentamicin and/or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was co-transferred. All transconjugant and transformant strains exhibited ESBL phenotype but remained susceptible to cefoxitin and imipenem. Crude extracts of β-lactamase-producing transconjugants, transformants and clinical strains were able to reduce the diameters of inhibition zones around disks containing penicillins, 1 to 3 generation cephalosporins or monobactam when tested against a fully susceptible E. coli strains, but had no effect on such zones around cefoxitin-, imipenemand amoxicillin/clavulanate disks. The determination of isoelectric points (pIs) of the various strains after transfer of resistance determinant showed that transconjugants and transformants Caracterisation et inhibition des beta-lactamases par les plantes medicinales These de Doctorat xii strains produced β-lactamases with pIs 5.4 to 8.8. In fact, 12 strains produced β-lactamase with pI 8.2, 2 strains in addition to the above enzyme produced two others enzymes with pIs 5.4 and 8.5. Strains with CTX-Mphenotype produced enzyme (pI 8.4, 1 strain), two (pIs 7.3, 8.8; 2 strains) or three types pIs (5.4, 7.3, 8.8; 1 strain). PCR, PCR/NheI was performed using total or plasmid DNA from 19 strains as templates, and the primers specific to blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaOXA. Direct sequencing of PCR products revealed that: 14 strains produced SHV-12 ESBL, 5 CTX-MESBL (CTXM-1, one strain; CTX-M-15, 4 strains); four other strains shared non-ESBL TEM-1 (2 producing-SHV-12 strains and 2 producing-CTX-M-strains) and OXA-30 (4 producing CTXM-15 strains). Analysis of restriction patterns of plasmid carrying blaCTX-M gene, hybridization, and genotyping patterns of CTX-M-clinical strains by ERIC-PCR showed that dissemination of blaCTX-M gene could be done by plasmid transfer (same plasmid in different strains, E. coli YC-14 and K. pneumoniae YC-17) or by strains from patient to patient (same strain, E. coli YC-2=E. coli YC-5). Sequence analysis of genetic environment of blaCTX-M-15 revealed that CTXM-15 was encoded by two different multiresistant plasmids, of which one (pYC-5b) carried an ISEcp1-blaCTX-m-15 element flanked by five bp target site duplication and inserted within a Tn2-derived sequence. A truncated form of this element in the second plasmid (pYC14) was identified. ESBLs SHV-12, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15 are described for the first time in Cameroon. In our effort to find new active β-lactamase inhibitors, we investigated two medicinal plants, Garcinia lucida (Clusiaceae) and Bridelia micrantha (Euphorbiaceae) for antiβlactamase activity. The extracts from G. lucida and B. micrantha exhibited good inhibition of β-lactamase P99 (IC50, 0.01 mg/ml) and OXA-10 (IC50, 0.02 mg/ml) respectively. Purified products from these plants by high performance liquid chromatography showed that, product 4 from G. lucida is very active on β-lactamase P99 (IC50, 0.03 mg/ml) whereas products 2’ and 3’ from B. micrantha are active on OXA-10 (IC50, 0.09 mg/ml; 0.11 mg/ml respectively). The structural elucidation of the active constituents of these plants will provide useful leads in the development of β-lactamase inhibitors. |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://bictel.ulg.ac.be/ETD-db/collection/available/ULgetd-10172007-110129/unrestricted/These_Ganpiejo.pdf |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
