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Child Sexual Abuse Prevention: Integrative Review Prevenção Do Abuso Sexual Da Criança: Revisão Integrativa Prevención De L Abuso Sexual Del Niño Revisión Integradora
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Ogunjimi, Adetola I. Oliveira, Wanderlei Abadio De Vasconcelos, Eliane Maria Ribeiro De Márta Silva, Angelica Iossi |
| Copyright Year | 2017 |
| Abstract | Objective: assessing available scientific evidence in the literature to understand the importance and scope of constructive school-based education programs in preventing child sexual abuse with emphasis on programs that encompasses both children, adolescents, teachers, and parents. Method: it is an integrative literature of articles published between 2010 and 2017 written in English, Portuguese and Spanish. PsychINFO, PubMed/Medline databases, and SciELO were searched using descriptors: Sex Offences; Child; Adolescent; Primary prevention; Programs; Sexual education; Schools. Result: 18 eligible studies; of which 6 were developed in the USA, 2 studies each from Canada and Brazil, and 8 studies from 8 different countries. Selected studies revealed the importance of parents and teachers' involvement in early detection of sexual abuse in children and adolescents, positive increase in communication skills and increased self-esteem. Conclusion: This review indicates that the prevention programs could be effective if it is well planned and adequately executed. Descriptors: Sex Offences; Child; Adolescent; Primary Prevention; Sexual Education. RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura para entender a importância e o alcance de programas construtivos de educação escolar na prevenção do abuso sexual infantil com ênfase em programas que englobam crianças, adolescentes, professores e pais. Método: literatura integrativa de artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2017, escritos em inglês, português e espanhol. Os bancos de dados de PsychINFO, PubMed/Medline e SciELO foram pesquisados usando os descritores: Ofensas sexuais; Criança; Adolescente; Prevenção primária; Programas; Educação sexual; Escolas. Resultado: houve 18 estudos elegíveis; dos quais seis foram desenvolvidos nos EUA, dois no Canadá e dois no Brasil, e oito estudos em oito países diferentes. Estudos selecionados revelaram a importância do envolvimento dos pais e professores na detecção precoce de abuso sexual em crianças e adolescentes, aumento positivo das habilidades de comunicação e aumento da autoestima. Conclusão: esta revisão indica que os programas de prevenção podem ser efetivos se estiverem bem planejados e executados adequadamente. Descritores: Delitos Sexuais; Criança; Adolescente; Prevenção Primária; Educação Sexual. RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la evidencia científica disponible en la literatura para comprender la importancia y el alcance de los programas constructivos de educación escolar en la prevención del abuso sexual infantil, con énfasis en programas que abarcan a niños, adolescentes, maestros y padres. Método literatura integradora de artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2017, redactados en inglés, portugués y español. Las bases de datos PsychINFO, PubMed/Medline, y SciELO fueron investigados con los siguientes descriptores: abusos sexuales; Niño; Adolescente; Prevención primaria; Programas; Educación sexual; Escuelas. Resultado: 18 estudios fueron elegibles; de los cuales 6 fueron desarrollados en los Estados Unidos, 2 estudios en Canadá y dos en Brasil y 8 estudios de 8 países diferentes. Algunos estudios revelaron la importancia de la implicación de los padres y profesores en la detección precoz del abuso sexual en niños y adolescentes, el aumento positivo en las habilidades de comunicación y el aumento de la autoestima. Conclusión: Esta revisión indica que los programas de prevención podrían ser eficaces si están bien planificados y ejecutados adecuadamente. Descriptores: Delitos Sexuales; Niños; Adolescente; Prevención Primaria; Educación Sexual. Psychologist, Ph.D. student in Public Health, Public Health Nursing Post-Graduate Program, Nursing College, University of Sao Paulo. Ribeirao Preto (SP), Brazil. E-mail: ohtola@gmail.com Psychologist, Ph.D., Public Health Nursing Post-Graduate Program, University of Sao Paulo. Ribeirao Preto (SP), Brazil. E-mail: wanderleio@hotmail.com; Nurse, Ph.D. Professor, Nursing Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco. Recife (PE), Brazil. E-mail: emr.vasconcelos@gmail.com; Nurse, Ph.D. Professor, Public Health Nursing PostGraduate Program, Nursing College, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto (SP), Brazil. E-mail: maiossi@eerp.usp.br INTEGRATIVE REVIEW ARTICLE Ogunjimi AI, Oliveira WA de, Vasconcelos EMR de et al. Child Sexual Abuse prevention: integrative. English J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 11(11):4469-82, Nov., 2017 4470 ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.23542-49901-1-ED.1111201725 Sexual violence remains a complex phenomenon in the global public health area regardless of age and gender. Child sexual abuse has been regarded as a life experience that can create a negative long impact in affected children and adolescents. The relationship between the victim and the offender can be a form of power imbalance that makes one overpower the other. The act of sexually abusing children and adolescents were considered rare and culturally tabooed with little or no importance attached to it some centuries back, but the rate of its increase and occurrences in recent time within the society, socioeconomic group, social class, religious group and ethnic group is alarming. Therefore, it is important to understand the current trends of scientific information on child sexual abuse, its consequences and ways to avoid or reduce it. World Health Organization estimated that over 150 million children and adolescents under 18 years old have experienced sexual violence in one form or another. Child sexual abuse is a global health and human right problem and has been reported to commonly affect girls more than boys; about 1 in 4 girls and 1 in 10 boys have experienced sexual violence. It is a gross violation of children ́s right with global realities across all countries and social groups describing it as a form of domestic terrorism which kills faster but silently than international terrorism. Sexual violence in children and adolescents occur through two major behaviors; contact and non-contact behaviors such as sexual touch, attempted sex, pressured/coerced sex or forced sex, oral-genital contact, pornography, children exposure to adult sexual activities, child marriage and prostitution of young children. Diverse risk factors have been shown to increase sexual violence, such as gender, age, disabilities, socioeconomic status, race or ethnicity and family constellation. Its immediate and long term effect mentally, physically, psychologically, sexually, and in terms of social well-being cannot be over emphasized. Long term psychiatric conditions clinically associated with sexual abuse include depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorder, eating disorder and dissociative identity disorder. Also, there are links between sexualized behavioral problems and child sexual abuse, including overtly sexualized behavior, sexually transmitted diseases like HIV and unwanted pregnancies. Other consequences include suicide and murder. Prevention of child sexual abuse has taken different shapes and forms, advocated by health sectors and individuals in the society. It is believed that the responsibility of preventing child sexual abuse in the society should not only be the target of health sector but the target of everyone and all sectors including education, legal and media. Different preventive programs have been used in spreading sexuality education include media awareness, house to house awareness, workshops, conferences on child sexual abuse, community-based programs, and school based programs. This is done with the aim of creating and improving skills, knowledge, and ability to identify and avoid sexual risk situations while eliminating reoccurrence of such situations. It also helps in creating autonomy in potential victims and bystanders. This is a quasi-experimental study of an evidence-based adult education program about child sexual abuse is one of the recent educational programs developed to prevent child sexual abuse. The aim is to change adult behavior, increase their knowledge and attitude towards child sexual abuse. A comprehensive evidence-based education program involved 366 adults, 23 workshops, a 3-month follow up the program and a posttest. Appreciating the outcome of the education program, a pre-test measurement was conducted to test the attitude, behavior, and knowledge of selected adult about child sexual abuse and after which the program workshop was administered and then followed up by a 3-month follow-up session. The follow-up program was reported to be highly statistically significant in improving behavior, attitude and knowledge of child sexual abuse. There was increased percentage of participants who actively took steps to protect children, with a shift from 25% at baseline to 48% at follow-up, while subjects who will actively look for child sexual abuse evidence increased from 46% to 81%. Another study of 248 children who visited a museum showed an improvement in sexual abuse knowledge through administered questionnaire after visiting the museum than the administered questionnaire before visiting the museum. Many children responded yes to the question “I would say nothing or wouldn't tell anyone until later” when asked about disclosure of strange touch before entering the museum; while those administered questionnaires after visiting the museum were ready and willing to disclose any form of strange touch. Meta-analysis of 27 studies INTRODUCTION Ogunjimi AI, Oliveira WA de, Vasconcelos EMR de et al. Child Sexual Abuse prevention: integrative. English J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 11(11):4469-82, Nov., 2017 4471 ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.23542-49901-1-ED.1111201725 also supported the fact that children who participated in school-based child abuse programs performed higher than the control group children in outcomes measured. However, irrespective of all the various approaches directed towards reducing and improving knowledge about child |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://periodicos.ufpe.br/revistas/revistaenfermagem/article/download/22832/24741 |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
