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Sources of Personal Exposure to Fine Particles in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| Content Provider | Scilit |
|---|---|
| Author | Kim, David Sass-Kortsak, Andrea Purdham, James T. Dales, Robert E. Brook, Jeffrey R. |
| Copyright Year | 2005 |
| Description | Individuals are exposed to particulate matter from both indoor and outdoor sources. The aim of this study was to compare the relative contributions of three sources of personal exposure to fine particles $(PM_{2.5}$) by using chemical tracers. The study design incorporated repeated 24-hr personal exposure measurements of air pollution from 28 cardiac-compromised residents of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Each study participant wore the Rupprecht & Patash-nick ChemPass Personal Sampling System 1 day a week for a maximum of 10 weeks. During their individual exposure measurement days the subjects reported to have spent an average of 89% of their time indoors. Particle phase elemental carbon, sulfate, and calcium personal exposure data were used in a mixed-effects model as tracers for outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ from traffic-related combustion, regional, and local crustal materials, respectively. These three sources were found to contribute 13% ± 10%, 17% ± 16%, and 7% ± 6% of $PM_{2.5}$ exposures. The remaining fraction of the personal $PM_{2.5}$ is hypothesized to be predominantly related to indoor sources. For comparison, central site outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ measurements for the same dates as personal measurements were used to construct a receptor model using the same three tracers. In this case, traffic-related combustion, regional, and local crustal materials were found to contribute 19% ± 17%, 52% ± 22%, and 10% ± 7%, respectively. Our results indicate that the three outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ sources considered are statistically significant contributors to personal exposure to $PM_{2.5}$. Our results also suggest that among the Toronto subjects, who spent a considerable amount of time indoors, exposure to outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ includes a greater relative contribution from combustion sources compared with outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ measurements where regional sources are the dominant contributor. |
| Related Links | http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10473289.2005.10464710?needAccess=true |
| Ending Page | 1146 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| Starting Page | 1134 |
| ISSN | 10962247 |
| e-ISSN | 21622906 |
| DOI | 10.1080/10473289.2005.10464710 |
| Journal | Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association |
| Issue Number | 8 |
| Volume Number | 55 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited |
| Publisher Date | 2005-08-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Environmental Engineering Sources Relative Contributions Time Indoors Pm2.5 Exposures Outdoor Pm2.5 Measurements Personal Exposure |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Atmospheric Science Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law |
