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Spatial characteristics of fine particulate matter: identifying representative monitoring locations in Seattle, Washington.
| Content Provider | Scilit |
|---|---|
| Author | Goswami, Emily Larson, Timothy Lumley, Thomas Liu, L. -J. Sally |
| Copyright Year | 2002 |
| Abstract | This study investigates how $PM_{2.5}$ varies spatially and how these spatial characteristics can be used to identify potential monitoring sites that are most representative of the overall ambient exposures to $PM_{2.5}$ among susceptible populations in the Seattle, WA, area. Data collected at outdoor sites at the homes of participants of a large exposure assessment study were used in this study. Harvard impactors (HIs) were used at 40 outdoor sites throughout the Seattle metropolitan area. Up to six sites at a time were monitored for 10 consecutive 24-hr average periods. A fixed-effect analysis of variance (ANOVA) model that included date and location effects was used to analyze the spatial variability of outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations. Both date and location effects were shown to be highly significant, explaining 92% of the variability in outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ measurements. The day-to-day variability was 10 times higher than the spatial variability between sites. The site mean square was more than twice the error mean square, showing that differences between sites, while modest, are potentially an important contribution to measurement error. Variances of the model residuals and site effects were examined against spatial characteristics of the monitoring sites. The spatial characteristics included elevation, distance from arterials, and distance from major $PM_{2.5}$ point sources. Results showed that the most representative $PM_{2.5}$ sites were located at elevations of 80–120 m above sea level, and at distances of 100–300 m from the nearest arterial road. Location relative to industrial $PM_{2.5}$ sources is not a significant predictor of residential outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ measurements. Additionally, for sites to be representative of the average population exposures to $PM_{2.5}$ among those highly susceptible to the health effects of $PM_{2.5}$, areas of high elderly population density were considered. These representative spatial characteristics were used as multiple, overlapping criteria in a Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis to determine where the most representative sites are located. |
| Related Links | http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10473289.2002.10470778?needAccess=true |
| Ending Page | 333 |
| Page Count | 10 |
| Starting Page | 324 |
| ISSN | 10962247 |
| e-ISSN | 21622906 |
| DOI | 10.1080/10473289.2002.10470778 |
| Journal | Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| Volume Number | 52 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited |
| Publisher Date | 2002-03-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Journal: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association Public, Environmental and Occupational Health Distance Geographic Information System Road Monitoring Sites Exposures To Pm2.5 Sites Were Located Outdoor Pm2.5 Measurements |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Atmospheric Science Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law |
