NDLI: Standout electrochemical performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> and Sn/SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles embedded in a KOH-activated carbonized porous aromatic framework (PAF-1) matrix as the anode for lithium-ion batteries

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Ben, Teng Dong, Yan Zhu, Liangkui Qiu, Shilun Das, Saikat
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Attributed to their high specific capacity and safe working potential versus Li/Li+ as compared to commercial graphite anodes, tin and tin oxide have received widespread attention as promising anode materials for Li-ion batteries, whereas they also suffer from some drawbacks, such as large volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity during the lithiation/delithiation process. To address these issues, a series of composites with ultrasmall Sn and SnO2 nanoparticles (6–15 nm) embedded in a KOH-activated carbonized porous aromatic framework (PAF-1) matrix as anode materials were prepared by adjusting the Sn2+ content and carbonization temperature. Attributed to its high microporosity and electrical conductivity, the KOH-activated carbonized PAF-1 is a potential host matrix to cogently solve the problems of pulverization, metal aggregation and loss of electrical contact with the electrode over repeated cycling. The synergy between SnOx and the carbon matrix is manifested by the outstanding capacity and stability of the material, which owes its standout features to the SnOx nanoparticles located inside the micropores of the carbon matrix. Of all the materials, SnOx@K-PAF-1-750-25 prepared by optimizing the contents and preparation conditions showed excellent stability and cycling performance, retaining a capacity of 608 mA h g−1 over 400 charge/discharge cycles even at a high current density of 400 mA g−1.
Starting Page	18822
Ending Page	18831
Page Count	10
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20507488
Volume Number	4
Issue Number	48
Journal	Journal of Materials Chemistry A
DOI	10.1039/c6ta09384a
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Graphite Tin Anode Electrical resistivity and conductivity Pakistan Air Force Composite material Carbonization Electrode Carbon Electric current
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Materials Science

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