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Biomaterials: defining the mechanical properties of natural tissues and selection of replacement materials

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Mathias, Katharine J. Leahy, Johanna C. Hukins, David W. L.
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	This article reviews the problems which are encountered in defining the mechanical properties of natural tissues, and in replacing them with synthetic materials in the human body. It describes how death, ageing, degeneration, pathology and individual variability influence the properties of natural tissues. Experimental problems arise from degradation and testing conditions; these are illustrated by the properties of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. Replacement of natural tissues by graft materials and the products of tissue engineering is then described. Synthetic replacement materials should be biocompatible, i.e. they should not cause adverse reactions in the human body. However, polymers which hydrolyse in the body fluids may be useful for implants which are intended to have a limited life or for controlled release of drugs. Synthetic implant materials may attempt to mimic natural tissues but there may be a problem of attaching them to the surrounding tissue. Artificial ligaments provide an example of implants of this kind. Total hip replacement is used to illustrate the successful use of conventional engineering materials. Finally, safety issues are described; an implant material must be biocompatible, have the required mechanical strength, be sterile and should be incorporated into a device so that its performance in the living patient can be monitored.
Starting Page	629
Ending Page	636
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09599428
Volume Number	9
Issue Number	3
Journal	Journal of Materials Chemistry
DOI	10.1039/a807411i
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Pathology Intervertebral disc Tissue engineering Biocompatibility Hydrolysis Hip replacement
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry Materials Chemistry

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