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Predominant anthropogenic sources and rates of atmospheric mercury accumulation in southern Ontario recorded by peat cores from three bogs: comparison with natural “background” values (past 8000 years)

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Predominant anthropogenic sources and rates of atmospheric mercury accumulation in southern Ontario recorded by peat cores from three bogs: comparison with natural “background” values (past 8000 years)

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Givelet, Nicolas Shotyk, William Roos-Barraclough, Fiona
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	Peat cores from three bogs in southern Ontario provide a complete, quantitative record of net rates of atmospheric Hg accumulation since pre-industrial times. For comparison with modern values, a peat core extending back 8000 years was used to quantify the natural variations in Hg fluxes for this region, and their dependence on climatic change and land use history. The net mercury accumulation rates were separated into “natural” and “excess” components by comparing the Hg/Br ratios of modern samples with the long-term, pre-anthropogenic average Hg/Br. The average background mercury accumulation rate during the pre-anthropogenic period (from 5700 years BC to 1470 AD) was 1.4 ± 1.0 µg m−2 per year (n = 197). The beginning of Hg contamination from anthropogenic sources dates from AD 1475 at the Luther Bog, corresponding to biomass burning for agricultural activities by Native North Americans. During the late 17th and 18th centuries, deposition of anthropogenic Hg was at least equal to that of Hg from natural sources. Anthropogenic inputs of Hg to the bogs have dominated continuously since the beginning of the 19th century. The maximum Hg accumulation rates decrease in the order Sifton Bog, in the City of London, Ontario (141 µg Hg m−2 per year), Luther Bog in an agricultural region (89 µg Hg m−2 per year), and Spruce Bog which is in a comparatively remote, forested region (54 µg Hg m−2 per year). Accurate age dating of recent peat samples using the bomb pulse curve of 14C shows that the maximum rate of atmospheric Hg accumulation occurred during AD 1956 and 1959 at all sites. In these (modern) samples, the Hg concentration profiles resemble those of Pb, an element which is known to be immobile in peat bogs. The correlation between these two metals, together with sulfur, suggests that the predominant anthropogenic source of Hg (and Pb) was coal burning. While Hg accumulation rates have gone into strong decline since the late 1950's, Hg deposition rates today still exceed the average natural background values by 7 to 13 times.
Starting Page	935
Ending Page	949
Page Count	15
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14640325
Volume Number	5
Issue Number	6
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
DOI	10.1039/b307140e
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Sifton Bog Luther Bog Ontario London Peat Correlation and dependence The Net (1995 film) Methylmercury Biomass Indigenous peoples of the Americas Budweiser Gardens Bomb pulse SoltyRei Lead Sulfur
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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