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Journal of Environmental Monitoring Vol - 2 Issue - 1

Measurement of styrene-7,8-oxide and other oxidation products of styrene in air

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Echeverria, Diana Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Waidyanatha, Suramya Rappaport, Stephen M.
Copyright Year	2000
Abstract	Styrene-7,8-oxide (SO) is generated at low concentrations from the oxidation of styrene during the processing of reinforced plastics. Since exposure to SO has important health implications, we developed air sampling and analytical methods to measure low levels of airborne SO in the presence of styrene and its other oxidation products, namely phenylacetaldehyde (PAA) and acetophenone (AP). Both active and passive air monitors were used. The active sampling method, which employed adsorption on Tenax, was suitable for measuring SO, PAA and AP but had limited capacity for styrene due to breakthrough. The passive monitor employed a carbon adsorbent and was suitable for measurement of styrene and SO but not PAA and AP due to poor recovery. After sampling, the analytes were extracted from the adsorbents with ethyl acetate and measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection or mass spectrometry. By maintaining the injection port at 70 °C, the thermal rearrangement of SO to PAA was minimized. Recovery of styrene and SO from the passive monitor depended upon loading and was corrected by linearization of the Freundlich isotherm. The limits of detection for SO, PAA, and AP were 0.2 ppb using the active monitor, and for SO was 1 ppb using the passive monitor. The sampling precision for SO (RSD from personal measurements) was 5.0% for the passive monitor and was 13.4% for the active monitor over a range of exposures from 5–150 ppb. The corresponding precision for styrene was 5.3% for the passive monitor for levels ranging from 1.2 to 104 ppm. Measurements of 235 personal exposures with the active monitor in 12 facilities manufacturing fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FRP) showed that levels of AP and PAA were below 7.8 ppb and 5 ppb, respectively. In contrast, SO averaged 30.4 ppb (SE = 2.4) in these FRP facilities, ranging from below 0.2 ppb to 190 ppb. The active monitor was also used to detect airborne SO at levels of ≈1 ppb in one facility manufacturing styrene butadiene rubber, suggesting that SO is generally present during the polymerization of styrene. Personal passive monitoring in the 12 FRP facilities (n = 657) revealed mean concentrations of styrene ranging between 1.8 and 55.4 ppm, and for SO between 1.7 and 62.6 ppb. The ratio of the mean styrene level to the mean SO level varied between 449∶1 and 1635∶1 among the 12 FRP facilities.
Starting Page	111
Ending Page	117
Page Count	7
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14640325
Volume Number	2
Issue Number	2
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
DOI	10.1039/a908976d
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	PAA AP FRP Freundlich Tenax Styrene Particulates Phenylacetaldehyde Acetophenone Adsorption Carbon Ethyl acetate Gas chromatography Ionization Mass spectrometry 3-Butadiene Polymerization Passive monitoring
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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