NDLI: Penetration patterns of monomeric and polymeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate monomer in human skin

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Thomasen, Jennifer M. Nylander-French, Leena A.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	We investigated penetration patterns of monomeric and polymeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), experimentally and as part of commercial products, in excised full-thickness human skin at 5, 10, 30, or 60 min after exposure. We observed that both monomeric and polymeric HDI were readily absorbed into the skin and that the clearcoat composition affects the penetration rate of the individual isocyanates. The short-term absorption rates for HDI monomer, biuret, and isocyanurate were determined and used to estimate the exposure time required to reach a body burden equal to the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) inhalation threshold limit value (TLV) or Oregon State occupational exposure limit (OEL). Oregon is the only government entity in the United States to promulgate a short-term exposure limit (STEL) for HDI-based polyisocyanates biuret and isocyanurate. Based on these absorption rates for a slow-drying clearcoat after 10 min (1.33 μg cm−2 h−1) or 60 min (0.219 μg cm−2 h−1), we calculated that 6.5 and 40 min dermal exposure, respectively, is required to achieve a dose of HDI equivalent to the ACGIH TLV. For biuret, the time to achieve a dose equivalent to the Oregon OEL for slow-drying clearcoat was much shorter (<31 min) than that for fast-drying clearcoat (618 min). Isocyanurate had the shortest skin absorption times regardless of clearcoat formulation (14 s–1.7 min). These results indicate that the dose received through dermal exposure to HDI-containing clearcoats has a significant potential to exceed the dose equivalent to that received through inhalation exposure at established regulatory limits. A critical need exists to monitor dermal exposure quantitatively in exposed workers, to use proper protective equipment to reduce dermal exposure, and to re-evaluate regulatory exposure limits for isocyanates.
Starting Page	951
Ending Page	960
Page Count	10
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14640325
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	3
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
DOI	10.1039/c2em10546b
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Oregon State STEL Oregon OEL Oregon United States Hexamethylene diisocyanate Monomer Biuret Cyanuric acid Biomonitoring Occupational exposure limit Short-term exposure limit
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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