NDLI: Identification of spatiotemporal nutrient patterns in a coastal bay <i>via</i> an integrated <i>k</i>-means clustering and gravity model

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Wimberly, Brent Xuan, Zhemin Chang, Ni-Bin
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	This study presents an integrated k-means clustering and gravity model (IKCGM) for investigating the spatiotemporal patterns of nutrient and associated dissolved oxygen levels in Tampa Bay, Florida. By using a k-means clustering analysis to first partition the nutrient data into a user-specified number of subsets, it is possible to discover the spatiotemporal patterns of nutrient distribution in the bay and capture the inherent linkages of hydrodynamic and biogeochemical features. Such patterns may then be combined with a gravity model to link the nutrient source contribution from each coastal watershed to the generated clusters in the bay to aid in the source proportion analysis for environmental management. The clustering analysis was carried out based on 1 year (2008) water quality data composed of 55 sample stations throughout Tampa Bay collected by the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County. In addition, hydrological and river water quality data of the same year were acquired from the United States Geological Survey's National Water Information System to support the gravity modeling analysis. The results show that the k-means model with 8 clusters is the optimal choice, in which cluster 2 at Lower Tampa Bay had the minimum values of total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations, and ocean color values in every season as well as the minimum concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in three consecutive seasons in 2008. The datasets indicate that Lower Tampa Bay is an area with limited nutrient input throughout the year. Cluster 5, located in Middle Tampa Bay, displayed elevated TN concentrations, ocean color values, and Chl-a concentrations, suggesting that high values of colored dissolved organic matter are linked with some nutrient sources. The data presented by the gravity modeling analysis indicate that the Alafia River Basin is the major contributor of nutrients in terms of both TP and TN values in all seasons. With this new integration, improvements for environmental monitoring and assessment were achieved to advance our understanding of sea–land interactions and nutrient cycling in a critical coastal bay, the Gulf of Mexico.
Starting Page	992
Ending Page	1005
Page Count	14
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14640325
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	3
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
DOI	10.1039/c2em10574h
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County United States Geological Survey Tampa Bay Florida Lower Tampa Bay Middle Tampa Bay Alafia River Basin Gulf of Mexico K-means clustering Gravity Oxygen saturation Biogeochemistry Hillsborough County Nitrogen Chlorophyll Phosphorus Colored dissolved organic matter Alafia River Nutrient cycle Mexico
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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