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Back cover

Journal of Environmental Monitoring Vol -9

Journal of Environmental Monitoring Vol -8

Journal of Environmental Monitoring Vol -7

Journal of Environmental Monitoring Vol -6

Journal of Environmental Monitoring Vol -5

Journal of Environmental Monitoring Vol -4

Journal of Environmental Monitoring Vol -3

Journal of Environmental Monitoring Vol -2

Bioaerosol exposure assessment in the workplace: the past, present and recent advances

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Eduard, Wijnand Heederik, Dick Duchaine, Caroline Green, Brett James
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Louis Pasteur described the first measurements of airborne microorganisms in 1861. A century later, the inhalation of spores from thermophilic microorganisms was shown to induce attacks of farmers' lung in patients with this disease, while endotoxins originating from Gram-negative bacteria were identified as causal agents for byssinosis in cotton workers. Further epidemiological and toxicological studies have demonstrated inflammatory, respiratory, and pathogenic effects following exposure to bioaerosols. Exposure assessment is often confounded by the diversity of bioaerosol agents in the environment. Microorganisms represent a highly diverse group that may vary in toxicity. Fungi and bacteria are mainly quantified as broad groups using a variety of viable and nonviable assessment methods. Endotoxins and β(1 → 3)-glucans are mainly measured by their activity in the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, enzymes by immuno-chemical methods and mycotoxins by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Few health-based occupational exposure limits (OELs) are available for risk assessment. For endotoxins, a health-based OEL of 90 endotoxin units m−3 has been proposed in the Netherlands. A criteria document for fungal spores recently proposed a lowest observed effect level of 100 000 spores m−3 for non-pathogenic and non-mycotoxin producing species based on inflammatory respiratory effects. Recent developments in bioaerosol assessment were presented at the Organic Dust Tromsø Symposium including molecular biological methods for infectious agents and organisms that are difficult to cultivate; studies of submicronic and hyphal fragments from fungi; the effect of biodiversity of microorganisms in asthma studies; and new/improved measurement methods for fungal antigens, enzymes and allergens. Although exposure assessment of bioaerosol agents is complex and limited by the availability of methods and criteria, the field is rapidly evolving.
Starting Page	334
Ending Page	339
Page Count	6
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14640325
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	2
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
DOI	10.1039/c2em10717a
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	OEL Louis Pasteur Netherlands Particulates Thermophile Lung Gram-negative bacteria Byssinosis Cotton Exposure assessment Bioaerosol Bacteria Amebocyte Liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry Lipopolysaccharide List of churches in Troms Fungus Biodiversity Asthma
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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Documentation of bioaerosol concentrations in an indoor composting facility in France

Large particles are responsible for elevated bacterial marker levels in school air upon occupation

Suspended particulates and bioaerosols emitted from an agricultural non-point source

Bioaerosol expo sure assessment in the workplace : the past , present and recent advances † ‡

The prevalence of byssinosis among cotton workers in the north of Benin.

Bioaerosol exposure assessment in the workplace: the past, present and recent advances† ‡

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