NDLI: Comparison of tracer techniques for monitoring sewer losses

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Revitt, D. Michael Paterakis, Nikolaos Ellis, J. Bryan
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	Two different experimental techniques employing conservative tracers to determine exfiltration losses in a sewer system are reported. Both techniques compare the in-sewer responses measured along designated indicator and reference sections to assess the level of exfiltration although with different degrees of reliability. The experimental and interpretation errors associated with a pulse dosing technique, in which Rhodamine WT is used as the single tracer, are described. The estimation of exfiltration requires the comparison of indicator and reference peaks which need to be well resolved and reproducible in order to provide realistic results. A more consistent technique involves the continuous dosing of two different tracers with the objective of producing simultaneous downstream peak tracer concentrations. Any errors due to flow variations are eliminated and the longer measurement period allows both peak and background concentrations to be more accurately determined. Rhodamine WT, Li and Br were used in different combinations over the approximately 20 min duration of each continuous dosing experiment and were found to demonstrate conservative behaviours with measured recoveries of 97.6–100.6%, 97.3–101.4% and 108.4–109.2%, respectively. The analytical problems associated with the determination of the different tracers in sewage are described and are shown to be responsible for the reduced accuracy of the results associated with the use of Br. The preferred combination of tracers is Rhodamine WT as the indicator and Li as the reference and these are shown to be capable of estimating sewer losses to an accuracy of ±1.0% using the continuous dosing approach.
Starting Page	564
Ending Page	571
Page Count	8
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14640325
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	5
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
DOI	10.1039/b600522e
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Li Rhodamine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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