NDLI: Insights into the metabolism and microbial biotransformation of dietary flavan-3-ols and the bioactivity of their metabolites

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Food & Function Vol - 1 Issue - 2

Food & Function Vol - 1 Issue - 1

Insights into the metabolism and microbial biotransformation of dietary flavan-3-ols and the bioactivity of their metabolites

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Sánchez-Patán, Fernando Monagas, Maria Llorach, Rafael Gómez-Cordovés, Carmen Bartolomé, Begoña Garrido, Ignacio Urpi-Sarda, Mireia Andres-Lacueva, Cristina
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Flavan-3-ols, occurring in monomeric, as well as in oligomeric and polymeric forms (also known as condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins), are among the most abundant and bioactive dietary polyphenols, but their in vivo health effects in humans may be limited because of their recognition as xenobiotics. Bioavailability of flavan-3-ols is largely influenced by their degree of polymerization; while monomers are readily absorbed in the small intestine, oligomers and polymers need to be biotransformed by the colonic microbiota before absorption. Therefore, phenolic metabolites, rather than the original high molecular weight compounds found in foods, may be responsible for the health effects derived from flavan-3-ol consumption. Flavan-3-ol phenolic metabolites differ in structure, amount and excretion site. Phase II or tissular metabolites derived from the small intestine and hepatic metabolism are presented as conjugated derivatives (glucuronic acid or sulfate esters, methyl ether, or their combined forms) of monomeric flavan-3-ols and are preferentially eliminated in the bile, whereas microbial metabolites are rather simple conjugated lactones and phenolic acids that are largely excreted in urine. Although the colon is seen as an important organ for the metabolism of flavan-3-ols, the microbial catabolic pathways of these compounds are still under consideration, partly due to the lack of identification of bacteria with such capacity. Studies performed with synthesized or isolated phase II conjugated metabolites have revealed that they could have an effect beyond their antioxidant properties, by interacting with signalling pathways implicated in important processes involved in the development of diseases, among other bioactivities. However, the biological properties of microbe-derived metabolites in their actual conjugated forms remain largely unknown. Currently, there is an increasing interest in their effects on intestinal infections, inflammatory intestinal diseases and overall gut health. The present review will give an insight into the metabolism and microbial biotransformation of flavan-3-ols, including tentative catabolic pathways and aspects related to the identification of bacteria with the ability to catabolize these kinds of polyphenols. Also, the in vitro bioactivities of phase II and microbial phenolic metabolites will be covered in detail.
Starting Page	233
Ending Page	253
Page Count	21
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20426496
Volume Number	1
Issue Number	3
Journal	Food & Function
DOI	10.1039/c0fo00132e
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Flavan-3-ol Bioavailability Flavan Polymerization Small intestine Gut flora Metabolism Carboxylic acid Sulfate Ether Bile Urine Large intestine Antioxidant Biotransformation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Food Science

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