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Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts Vol - 18 Issue - 6

Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts Vol - 18 Issue - 5

Prenatal exposures and DNA methylation in newborns: a pilot study in Durban, South Africa

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Goodrich, Jaclyn M. Dolinoy, Dana C. Reddy, Poovendhree Asharam, Kareshma Naidoo, Rajen N. Batterman, Stuart
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	The in utero environment has the potential to influence epigenetic programming and subsequently the health of offspring. Even though pregnant women living in urban Africa are exposed to multiple chemicals and infectious agents that may impact their developing children, the neonatal epigenome has not been studied in these regions. We assessed whether prenatal exposures to air pollution and maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated with changes to DNA methylation throughout the epigenome using a pilot sample from the Mother and Child Environmental (MACE) birth cohort, of which 36% of the mothers are HIV positive. Families living in a high air pollution region (south Durban, n = 11) and a low air pollution region (north Durban, n = 11) with comparable socioeconomic characteristics were selected for analysis. DNA methylation was quantified in cord blood plasma DNA at >430 000 CpG sites using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Sites associated with living in south Durban or maternal HIV infection (p < 0.001) were more likely to be hypomethylated and located in CpG islands. Top differentially methylated sites by region of Durban were enriched in pathways related to xenobiotic metabolism, oxygen and gas transport, and sensory perception of chemical stimuli when performing gene set enrichment testing with LRpath. Differentially methylated sites by maternal HIV status were enriched in cytochrome P450s, pathways involved in detection of chemical stimuli, metabolic processes, and viral regulation and processing. Given the small sample size of the study, future work examining the impact of prenatal exposures to air pollution, maternal infection, and antiviral treatment on the epigenome and downstream health implications is merited in Sub-Saharan African populations.
Starting Page	908
Ending Page	917
Page Count	10
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20507887
Volume Number	18
Issue Number	7
Journal	Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
DOI	10.1039/c6em00074f
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	MACE Durban Epigenetics Africa Epigenome Air pollution HIV DNA methylation Blood plasma DNA CpG site Drug metabolism Oxygen Gene set enrichment analysis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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