NDLI: Photoenhanced oxidation of C<sub>60</sub> aggregates (nC<sub>60</sub>) by free chlorine in water

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Environmental Science: Nano Vol -3

Environmental Science: Nano Vol -2

Environmental Science: Nano Vol -1

Photoenhanced oxidation of C₆₀ aggregates (nC₆₀) by free chlorine in water

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Wu, Jiewei Fortner, John D. Li, Wenlu
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	While there have been a number of fundamental studies focused on the physical and biological behaviors of C60 aggregates (nC60) in model environmental and engineered systems, the aqueous reactivity of C60 (as nC60) is much less understood and remains a critical gap in accurate life cycle modeling. In this study, facile, photo-enhanced physicochemical transformations of nC60 in the presence of free chlorine, a globally applied disinfectant, are quantitatively described. Batch reaction kinetics between nC60 and free chlorine are explored and modeled for both the ground state (dark conditions) and the photo-excited state (light irradiation conditions, UVA) over a matrix of environmentally relevant conditions (e.g., redox potentials, dissolved oxygen, light irradiation). The resulting products are described using a suite of spectroscopy techniques, including FTIR, XPS, and UV-vis, demonstrating oxidized fullerene products with varied covalent addition(s) of oxygen and chlorine atoms depending on the reaction conditions. For all conditions, UVA light irradiation (351 nm, 2 mW cm−2) significantly enhances the oxidation of nC60 by free chlorine, as indicated by both higher reaction rates and product(s) oxidation extent. Aggregation kinetic studies indicate that the resulting oxidized products, as soft clusters, are relatively more stable, compared to the parent nC60, upon photo-oxidation in the presence of monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (MgCl2) ions (via critical coagulation concentration evaluations). Further, increased product surface hydrophilicity is also demonstrated through classic water–octanol partition (Kow) experiments.
Starting Page	117
Ending Page	126
Page Count	10
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20518153
Volume Number	4
Issue Number	1
Journal	Environmental Science: Nano
DOI	10.1039/c6en00230g
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	UVA Chlorine Disinfectant Ultraviolet Extracellular matrix Redox Oxygen Spectroscopy Fullerene Covalent bond Flocculation Hydrophile
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Science Materials Science

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