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Release from nanomaterials during their use phase: combined mechanical and chemical stresses applied to simple and multi-filler nanocomposites mimicking wear of nano-reinforced tires

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Back cover

Environmental Science: Nano Vol - 3 Issue - 4

Environmental Science: Nano Vol - 3 Issue - 3

Environmental Science: Nano Vol - 3 Issue - 2

Environmental Science: Nano Vol - 3 Issue - 1

Environmental Science: Nano Vol -2

Environmental Science: Nano Vol -1

Release from nanomaterials during their use phase: combined mechanical and chemical stresses applied to simple and multi-filler nanocomposites mimicking wear of nano-reinforced tires

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Kuhlbusch, Thomas A. J. Müller, Philipp Wohlleben, Wendel Muller, Julie Vilsmeier, Klaus Meyer, Jessica Stahlmecke, Burkard
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Nanocomposite materials are ubiquitous in outdoor applications. Product performance is determined by the resilience of the bulk material, but aging induces nanoscale releases already from conventional materials. Thus, aging and wear (or wear and aging) might also release embedded nanomaterials from composites. Here, we challenge the hypothesis of release being induced by a synergy of stresses by varying both the sequence and intensity of chemical aging (UV, hydrolysis) and mechanical wear (sanding, shaking, sonication) degradation pathways. First, we explore the effect of varying the intensity of mechanical shear after aging on model elastomers with one of three nanofillers: carbon black is commercially used as a photoprotective filler, and thus serves as a negative control that should reduce release compared to the neat elastomer. In comparison, we find that carbon nanotubes suppress release even more strongly, whereas silica nanofillers increase release. Free nanofillers were occasionally observed with sonication shear after aging. We then reverse the sequence of stresses to explore the pathway of secondary environmental fragmentation using different intensities of UV/hydrolysis after mechanical fragmentation of novel car tires, represented by highly filled natural rubber with 40% carbon black and additionally 4% carbon nanotubes. We determined a maximum free nanofiller mass share of 0.045% of the aged tread wear mass. The “on the road” scenario releases more fragments from simulated tread wear than the “washed to surface water” scenario. Both case studies suggest that the importance of parameters controlling release phenomena overall decreases in the order: aging scenario–matrix properties–nanomaterial properties. Only synergistic aging stresses induce considerable releases.
Starting Page	1036
Ending Page	1051
Page Count	16
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20518153
Volume Number	3
Issue Number	5
Journal	Environmental Science: Nano
DOI	10.1039/c6en00094k
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Nanocomposite Nanomaterials Hydrolysis Sonication Carbon black Elastomer Carbon nanotube Silicon dioxide Natural rubber
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Science Materials Science

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Release from nanomaterials during their use phase: combined mechanical and chemical stresses applied to simple and multi-filler nanocomposites mimicking wear of nano-reinforced tires

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Release from nanomaterials during their use phase: combined mechanical and chemical stresses applied to simple and multi-filler nanocomposites mimicking wear of nano-reinforced tires