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Exceptional electrochemical performance of freestanding electrospun carbon nanofiber anodes containing ultrafine SnO_x particles

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Zhang, Biao Yoon, Won-Sub Kim, Jang-Kyo Yu, Yang Jang, Donghyuk Mai, Yiu-Wing He, Yan-Bing Huang, Zhendong Kang, Feiyu
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	SnOx–carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites are synthesized using the electrospinning technique for use as freestanding electrodes in Li-ion batteries. The electrodes made from the composites carbonized at 750 °C (SnOx–CNF-750) with 14.5 wt% SnOx deliver a remarkable capacity of 674 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles when discharged at 0.5 A g−1. This result is considered the highest among those reported in the literature for anodes made from similar electrospun carbon fibers containing SnOx nanoparticles. An increase in carbonization temperature to 950 °C (SnOx–CNF-950) results in a significant reduction of the particle content in the fiber due to aggregation of Sn to form nanoparticles external to the fibers, with concomitant degradation of capacities. The presence of amorphous SnOx particles at the atomic scale embedded in the conductive CNFs is thought to be responsible for the exceptional electrochemical performance of the SnOx–CNF-750 electrodes. These ultrafine particles facilitate the reaction Sn + xLi2O → SnOx + 2xLi+ + 2xe−, making it highly reversible, which is confirmed by the growing peak currents with increasing scan rate indicated by cyclic voltammetry, and the absence of Sn–Sn bonds in the particles revealed by the extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). Both the SnOx particle size and content in the fiber play important roles in controlling the rate and cyclic performance of the SnOx–CNF composite electrodes.
Starting Page	9895
Ending Page	9902
Page Count	8
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	17545692
Volume Number	5
Issue Number	12
Journal	Energy & Environmental Science
DOI	10.1039/c2ee23145j
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	CNF Nanofiber Electrospinning Carbon Carbonization Electrochemistry Cyclic voltammetry Extended X-ray absorption fine structure Spectroscopy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Pollution Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Nuclear Energy and Engineering

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