NDLI: Tailoring metal halide perovskites through metal substitution: influence on photovoltaic and material properties

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Haghighirad, Amir A. Belcher, Angela M. Dang, Xiangnan Klug, Matthew T. Bulović, Vladimir Stranks, Samuel D. Wang, Jacob T.-W. Brown, Patrick R. Snaith, Henry J. Osherov, Anna Bai, Sai
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	We present herein an experimental screening study that assesses how partially replacing Pb in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite films with nine different alternative, divalent metal species, B′ = {Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sn, Sr, and Zn}, influences photovoltaic performance and optical properties. Our findings indicate the perovskite film is tolerant to most of the considered homovalent metal species with lead–cobalt compositions yielding the highest power conversion efficiencies when less than 6% of the Pb2+ ions are replaced. Through subsequent materials characterisation, we demonstrate for the first time that partially substituting Pb2+ at the B-sites of the perovskite lattice is not restricted to Group IV elements but is also possible with at least Co2+. Moreover, adjusting the molar ratio of Pb:Co in the mixed-metal perovskite affords new opportunities to tailor the material properties while maintaining stabilised device efficiencies above 16% in optimised solar cells. Specifically, crystallographic analysis reveals that Co2+ incorporates into the perovskite lattice and increasing its concentration can mediate a crystal structure transition from the cubic to tetragonal phase at room-temperature. Likewise, Co2+ substitution continually modifies the perovskite work function and band edge energies without either changing the band gap or electronically doping the intrinsic material. By leveraging this orthogonal dimension of electronic tunability, we achieve remarkably high open-circuit voltages up to 1.08 V with an inverted device architecture by shifting the perovskite into a more favourable energetic alignment with the PEDOT:PSS hole transport material.
Starting Page	236
Ending Page	246
Page Count	11
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	17545692
Volume Number	10
Issue Number	1
Journal	Energy & Environmental Science
DOI	10.1039/c6ee03201j
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Cu PEDOT Lead Triiodide Perovskite Solar cell Crystal structure Concentration Tetragonal crystal system Work function Band gap Dopant Orthogonality Poly(3 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Pollution Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Nuclear Energy and Engineering

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