NDLI: The Fungal Exopolysaccharide Galactosaminogalactan Mediates Virulence by Enhancing Resistance to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Lee, Mark J. Liu, Hong Barker, Bridget M. Snarr, Brendan D. Gravelat, Fabrice N. Abdallah, Qusai Al Gavino, Christina Baistrocchi, Shane R. Hanna, Ostapska Xiao, Tianli Ralph, Benjamin Solis, Norma V. Lehoux, Mélanie Baptista, Stefanie D. Thammahong, Arsa Cerone, Robert P. Kaminskyj, Susan G. W. Guiot, Marie-christine Jean-paul, Latgé Fontaine, Thierry Vinh, Donald C. Filler, Scott G. Sheppard, Donald C.
Editor	May, Robin Charles
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Of the over 250 Aspergillus species, Aspergillus fumigatus accounts for up to 80% of invasive human infections. A. fumigatus produces galactosaminogalactan (GAG), an exopolysaccharide composed of galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) that mediates adherence and is required for full virulence. Less pathogenic Aspergillus species were found to produce GAG with a lower GalNAc content than A. fumigatus and expressed minimal amounts of cell wall-bound GAG. Increasing the GalNAc content of GAG of the minimally pathogenic A. nidulans, either through overexpression of the A. nidulans epimerase UgeB or by heterologous expression of the A. fumigatus epimerase Uge3 increased the amount of cell wall bound GAG, augmented adherence in vitro and enhanced virulence in corticosteroid-treated mice to levels similar to A. fumigatus. The enhanced virulence of the overexpression strain of A. nidulans was associated with increased resistance to NADPH oxidase-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in vitro, and was not observed in neutropenic mice or mice deficient in NADPH-oxidase that are unable to form NETs. Collectively, these data suggest that cell wall-bound GAG enhances virulence through mediating resistance to NETs.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005187
Starting Page	1005187
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15537374
e-ISSN	15537374
Journal	PLoS Pathogens
Issue Number	10
Volume Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	Public Library of Science
Publisher Date	2015-10-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Public Library of Science
Subject Keyword	Immunology Genetics Molecular Biology Microbiology Parasitology Virology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Virology Molecular Biology Parasitology Immunology Microbiology

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
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9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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