NDLI: Winter Bird Assemblages in Rural and Urban Environments: A National Survey

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Tryjanowski, Piotr Sparks, Tim H. Waldemar, Biaduń Tomasz, Brauze Tomasz, Hetmański Martyka, Rafał Skórka, Piotr Indykiewicz, Piotr Myczko, Łukasz Kunysz, Przemysław Kawa, Piotr Czyż, Stanisław Czechowski, Paweł Polakowski, Michał Zduniak, Piotr Jerzak, Leszek Janiszewski, Tomasz Artur, Goławski Leszek, Duduś Nowakowski, Jacek J. Wuczyński, Andrzej Wysocki, Dariusz
Editor	Claudia, Mettke-hofmann
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Urban development has a marked effect on the ecological and behavioural traits of many living organisms, including birds. In this paper, we analysed differences in the numbers of wintering birds between rural and urban areas in Poland. We also analysed species richness and abundance in relation to longitude, latitude, human population size, and landscape structure. All these parameters were analysed using modern statistical techniques incorporating species detectability. We counted birds in 156 squares (0.25 km2 each) in December 2012 and again in January 2013 in locations in and around 26 urban areas across Poland (in each urban area we surveyed 3 squares and 3 squares in nearby rural areas). The influence of twelve potential environmental variables on species abundance and richness was assessed with Generalized Linear Mixed Models, Principal Components and Detrended Correspondence Analyses. Totals of 72 bird species and 89,710 individual birds were recorded in this study. On average (±SE) 13.3 ± 0.3 species and 288 ± 14 individuals were recorded in each square in each survey. A formal comparison of rural and urban areas revealed that 27 species had a significant preference; 17 to rural areas and 10 to urban areas. Moreover, overall abundance in urban areas was more than double that of rural areas. There was almost a complete separation of rural and urban bird communities. Significantly more birds and more bird species were recorded in January compared to December. We conclude that differences between rural and urban areas in terms of winter conditions and the availability of resources are reflected in different bird communities in the two environments.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130299
Starting Page	130299
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19326203
e-ISSN	19326203
Journal	PLoS ONE
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	10
Language	English
Publisher	Public Library of Science
Publisher Date	2015-06-18
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Public Library of Science
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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