NDLI: Sociality in Escherichia coli: Enterochelin Is a Private Good at Low Cell Density and Can Be Shared at High Cell Density

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Scholz, Rebecca L. Greenberg, E. Peter
Editor	O'toole, G. A.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Many bacteria produce secreted iron chelators called siderophores, which can be shared among cells with specific siderophore uptake systems regardless of whether the cell produces siderophores. Sharing secreted products allows freeloading, where individuals use resources without bearing the cost of production. Here we show that the Escherichia coli siderophore enterochelin is not evenly shared between producers and nonproducers. Wild-type Escherichia coli grows well in low-iron minimal medium, and an isogenic enterochelin synthesis mutant (ΔentF) grows very poorly. The enterochelin mutant grows well in low-iron medium supplemented with enterochelin. At high cell densities the ΔentF mutant can compete equally with the wild type in low-iron medium. At low cell densities the ΔentF mutant cannot compete. Furthermore, the growth rate of the wild type is unaffected by cell density. The wild type grows well in low-iron medium even at very low starting densities. Our experiments support a model where at least some enterochelin remains associated with the cells that produce it, and the cell-associated enterochelin enables iron acquisition even at very low cell density. Enterochelin that is not retained by producing cells at low density is lost to dilution. At high cell densities, cell-free enterochelin can accumulate and be shared by all cells in the group. Partial privatization is a solution to the problem of iron acquisition in low-iron, low-cell-density habitats. Cell-free enterochelin allows for iron scavenging at a distance at higher population densities. Our findings shed light on the conditions under which freeloaders might benefit from enterochelin uptake systems.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02596-14
Ending Page	2128
Page Count	7
Starting Page	2122
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00219193
e-ISSN	10985530
Journal	Journal of Bacteriology
Issue Number	13
Volume Number	197
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2015-07-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Molecular Biology Microbiology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Molecular Biology Microbiology

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