NDLI: Genetic and structural analysis of the essential fission yeast RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatase Fcp1

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Schwer, Beate Ghosh, Agnidipta Sanchez, Ana M. Lima, Christopher D. Shuman, Stewart
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Protein phosphatases regulate mRNA synthesis and processing by remodeling the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol2) to dynamically inscribe a Pol2 CTD code. Fission yeast Fcp1 (SpFcp1) is an essential 723-amino acid CTD phosphatase that preferentially hydrolyzes Ser2-PO4 of the YS2PTSPS repeat. The SpFcp1 catalytic domain (aa 140–580) is composed of a DxDxT acyl-phosphatase module (FCPH) and a BRCT module. Here we conducted a genetic analysis of SpFcp1, which shows that (i) phosphatase catalytic activity is required for vegetative growth of fission yeast; (ii) the flanking amino-terminal domain (aa 1–139) and its putative metal-binding motif C99H101Cys109C112 are essential; (iii) the carboxy-terminal domain (aa 581–723) is dispensable; (iv) a structurally disordered internal segment of the FCPH domain (aa 330–393) is dispensable; (v) lethal SpFcp1 mutations R271A and R299A are rescued by shortening the Pol2 CTD repeat array; and (vi) CTD Ser2-PO4 is not the only essential target of SpFcp1 in vivo. Recent studies highlight a second CTD code involving threonine phosphorylation of a repeat motif in transcription elongation factor Spt5. We find that Fcp1 can dephosphorylate Thr1-PO4 of the fission yeast Spt5 CTD nonamer repeat T1PAWNSGSK. We identify Arg271 as a governor of Pol2 versus Spt5 CTD substrate preference. Our findings implicate Fcp1 as a versatile sculptor of both the Pol2 and Spt5 CTD codes. Finally, we report a new 1.45 Å crystal structure of SpFcp1 with Mg2+ and AlF3 that mimics an associative phosphorane transition state of the enzyme-aspartyl-phosphate hydrolysis reaction.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.050286.115
Starting Page	1135
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14699001
e-ISSN	14699001
Journal	RNA
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	21
Language	English
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Publisher Date	2015-06-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Molecular Biology

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