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Cross-Talk of Phosphorylation and Prolyl Isomerization of the C-terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Yogesha, S. D. Mayfield, Joshua E. Zhang, Yan
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Post-translational modifications of the heptad repeat sequences in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) are well recognized for their roles in coordinating transcription with other nuclear processes that impinge upon transcription by the Pol II machinery; and this is primarily achieved through CTD interactions with the various nuclear factors. The identification of novel modifications on new regulatory sites of the CTD suggests that, instead of an independent action for all modifications on CTD, a combinatorial effect is in operation. In this review we focus on two well-characterized modifications of the CTD, namely serine phosphorylation and prolyl isomerization, and discuss the complex interplay between the enzymes modifying their respective regulatory sites. We summarize the current understanding of how the prolyl isomerization state of the CTD dictates the specificity of writers (CTD kinases), erasers (CTD phosphatases) and readers (CTD binding proteins) and how that correlates to transcription status. Subtle changes in prolyl isomerization states cannot be detected at the primary sequence level, we describe the methods that have been utilized to investigate this mode of regulation. Finally, a general model of how prolyl isomerization regulates the phosphorylation state of CTD, and therefore transcription-coupled processes, is proposed.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules19021481
Ending Page	1511
Page Count	31
Starting Page	1481
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14203049
e-ISSN	14203049
Journal	Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	19
Language	English
Publisher Date	2014-01-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Organic Chemistry Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Organic Chemistry Medicine Drug Discovery Analytical Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Molecular Medicine Pharmaceutical Science

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