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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Fares, Zeidán-chuliá Gelain, Daniel Pens Kolling, Eduardo Antônio Luiz, Rybarczyk-filho José Ambrosi, Priscilla Terra, Silvia Resende Pires, André Simões Rocha, João Batista Teixeira Da Behr, Guilherme Antônio Moreira, José Cláudio Fonseca |
| Copyright Year | 2013 |
| Abstract | Scope. To elucidate the morphological and biochemical in vitro effects exerted by caffeine, taurine, and guarana, alone or in combination, since they are major components in energy drinks (EDs). Methods and Results. On human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, caffeine (0.125–2 mg/mL), taurine (1–16 mg/mL), and guarana (3.125–50 mg/mL) showed concentration-dependent nonenzymatic antioxidant potential, decreased the basal levels of free radical generation, and reduced both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, especially when combined together. However, guarana-treated cells developed signs of neurite degeneration in the form of swellings at various segments in a beaded or pearl chain-like appearance and fragmentation of such neurites at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. Swellings, but not neuritic fragmentation, were detected when cells were treated with 0.5 mg/mL (or higher doses) of caffeine, concentrations that are present in EDs. Cells treated with guarana also showed qualitative signs of apoptosis, including membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, and cleaved caspase-3 positivity. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that cells treated with 12.5–50 mg/mL of guarana and its combinations with caffeine and/or taurine underwent apoptosis. Conclusion. Excessive removal of intracellular reactive oxygen species, to nonphysiological levels (or “antioxidative stress”), could be a cause of in vitro toxicity induced by these drugs. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/791795 |
| Starting Page | 791795 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 19420994 |
| e-ISSN | 19420994 |
| Journal | Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |
| Volume Number | 2013 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| Publisher Date | 2013-01-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| Subject Keyword | Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Aging Medicine Biochemistry |
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