NDLI: Activation of a late H2B histone gene in blastula-stage sea urchin embryos by an unusual enhancer element located 3' of the gene.

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Activation of a late H2B histone gene in blastula-stage sea urchin embryos by an unusual enhancer element located 3' of the gene.

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Activation of a late H2B histone gene in blastula-stage sea urchin embryos by an unusual enhancer element located 3' of the gene.

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Zhao, A. Z. Colin, A. M. Bell, J. Baker, M. Char, B. R. Maxson, R.
Abstract	In the sea urchin embryo, late histone genes are transcribed at low levels during cleavage and blastula formation and at substantially higher levels in later stages of embryogenesis. To investigate the molecular basis of the stage-specific expression of a late H2B histone gene, we injected mutant genes lacking portions of 5'- and 3'-flanking regions into Lytechinus pictus embryos and monitored their expression by RNase protection. A 200-bp region located 489 bp downstream of the mRNA 3' terminus was necessary for the increase in transcription of the late H2B gene at the mid-blastula stage of development. DNase I and methylation interference footprint analyses located only one factor-binding site in this region, and gel mobility shift experiments showed that the DNA-binding activity of this factor (designated H2B abp 1) paralleled the transcriptional activity of the L1 H2B gene. Additional mutagenesis and microinjection experiments located the activator element to a 32-bp DNA segment that includes the H2B abp 1-binding site. These experiments also showed that the 32-bp fragment functions independently of position and orientation and therefore has the hallmarks of an enhancer. That this fragment contains most or all of the L1 H2B gene transcription-stimulatory activity makes it unusual among enhancerlike elements, which generally consist of several clustered factor-binding sites that act additively or cooperatively to affect transcription. The nucleotide sequence of the L1 H2B enhancer element suggests that the trans-acting factor that interacts with it is a member of the antennapedia or engrailed class of homeodomain proteins.
Starting Page	6730
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10985549
e-ISSN	10985549
Journal	Molecular and Cellular Biology
Issue Number	12
Volume Number	10
Language	English
Publisher Date	1990-12-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Molecular Biology

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