NDLI: Hydroxylamine as an intermediate in ammonia oxidation by globally abundant marine archaea

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Vajrala, Neeraja Willm, Martens-habbena Sayavedra-soto, Luis A. Schauer, Andrew Bottomley, Peter J. Stahl, David A. Arp, Daniel J.
Abstract	The ammonia-oxidizing archaea have recently been recognized as a significant component of many microbial communities in the biosphere. Although the overall stoichiometry of archaeal chemoautotrophic growth via ammonia (NH3) oxidation to nitrite (NO2 −) is superficially similar to the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, genome sequence analyses point to a completely unique biochemistry. The only genomic signature linking the bacterial and archaeal biochemistries of NH3 oxidation is a highly divergent homolog of the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO). Although the presumptive product of the putative AMO is hydroxylamine (NH2OH), the absence of genes encoding a recognizable ammonia-oxidizing bacteria-like hydroxylamine oxidoreductase complex necessitates either a novel enzyme for the oxidation of NH2OH or an initial oxidation product other than NH2OH. We now show through combined physiological and stable isotope tracer analyses that NH2OH is both produced and consumed during the oxidation of NH3 to NO2 − by Nitrosopumilus maritimus, that consumption is coupled to energy conversion, and that NH2OH is the most probable product of the archaeal AMO homolog. Thus, despite their deep phylogenetic divergence, initial oxidation of NH3 by bacteria and archaea appears mechanistically similar. They however diverge biochemically at the point of oxidation of NH2OH, the archaea possibly catalyzing NH2OH oxidation using a novel enzyme complex.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214272110
Ending Page	1011
Page Count	6
Starting Page	1006
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	110
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2013-01-15
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	General Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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