NDLI: Palmitoylation stabilizes unliganded rod opsin

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Maeda, Akiko Okano, Kiichiro Park, Paul S. H. Lem, Janis Crouch, Rosalie K. Maeda, Tadao Palczewski, Krzysztof
Abstract	S-palmitoylation is a conserved feature in many G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in a broad array of signaling processes. The prototypical GPCR, rhodopsin, is S-palmitoylated on two adjacent C-terminal Cys residues at its cytoplasmic surface. Surprisingly, absence of palmitoylation has only a modest effect on in vitro or in vivo signaling. Here, we report that palmitoylation-deficient (Palm−/− ) mice carrying two Cys to Thr and Ser mutations in the opsin gene displayed profound light-induced retinal degeneration that first involved rod and then cone cells. After brief bright light exposure, their retinas exhibited two types of deposits containing nucleic acid and invasive phagocytic macrophages. When Palm−/− mice were crossed with Lrat−/− mice lacking lecithin:retinol acyl transferase to eliminate retinoid binding to opsin and thereby rendering the eye insensitive to light, rapid retinal degeneration occurred even in 3- to 4-week-old animals. This rapid degeneration suggests that nonpalmitoylated rod opsin is unstable. Treatment of 2-week-old Palm−/−Lrat−/− mice with an artificial chromophore precursor prevented this retinopathy. In contrast, elimination of signaling to G protein in Palm−/−Gnat1−/− mice had no effect, indicating that instability of unpalmitoylated opsin lacking chromophore rather than aberrant signal transduction resulted in retinal pathology. Together, these observations provide evidence for a structural role of rhodopsin S-palmitoylation that may apply to other GPCRs as well.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000640107
Ending Page	8433
Page Count	6
Starting Page	8428
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	18
Volume Number	107
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2010-05-04
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	General Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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