NDLI: Erythromycin derivatives inhibit HIV-1 replication in macrophages through modulation of MAPK activity to induce small isoforms of C/EBPβ

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Komuro, Iwao Sunazuka, Toshiaki Akagawa, Kiyoko S. Yokota, Yasuko Iwamoto, Aikichi Ōmura, Satoshi
Abstract	Macrophages (MΦs) are a major source of HIV-1 especially in patients with tuberculosis. There are MΦs that are permissive and those that restrict HIV-1. Regulation of hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck) activity and selective expression of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) isoforms greatly contribute to determine distinct susceptibility of MΦs to HIV-1. Resistance is attributable to reduced expression of Hck and augmented expression of an inhibitory small isoform of C/EBPβ. Derivatives of erythromycin A (EMA) EM201 and EM703 inhibit the replication of HIV-1 in tissue MΦs, at posttranscriptional and translational levels. We demonstrate that EM201 and EM703 convert tissue MΦs from HIV-1 susceptible to HIV-1 resistant through down-regulation of Hck and induction of small isoforms of C/EBPβ. These drugs inhibit p38MAPK activation which is expressed only in susceptible tissue MΦs. Activated CD4+T cells stimulate the viral replication in HIV-1 resistant MΦs through down-regulation of small isoforms of C/EBPβ via activation of ERK1/2. EM201 and EM703 can inhibit the MAPK activation and inhibit the burst of viral replication produced when CD4+T cells and MΦs interact. These EM derivatives may be highly beneficial for repression of residual HIV-1 in the lymphoreticular system of HIV-1-infected patients and offer great promise for the creation of new anti-HIV drugs for the future treatment of AIDS patients.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805504105
Ending Page	12514
Page Count	6
Starting Page	12509
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	34
Volume Number	105
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2008-08-26
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	General Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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