NDLI: Elasticity, Strength, and Water Permeability of Bilayers that Contain Raft Microdomain-Forming Lipids

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Rawicz, W. Smith, B. A. Mcintosh, T. J. Simon, S. A. Evans, E.
Abstract	Bilayers composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), and cholesterol (CHOL) are commonly used as systems to model the raft-lipid domain structure believed to compartmentalize particular cell membrane proteins. In this work, micropipette aspiration of giant unilamellar vesicles was used to test the elasticities, water permeabilities, and rupture tensions of single-component PC, binary 1:1 PC/CHOL, and 1:1 SM/CHOL, and ternary 1:1:1 PC/SM/CHOL bilayers, one set of measurements with dioleoyl PC (DOPC; C18:1/C18:1 PC) and the other with stearoyloleoyl PC (SOPC; C18:0/C18:1 PC). Defining the elastic moduli (K A), the initial slopes of the increase in tension (σ) versus stretch in lipid surface area (α e) were determined for all systems at low (15°C) and high (32–33°C) temperatures. The moduli for the single-component PC and binary phospholipid/CHOL bilayers followed a descending hierarchy of stretch resistance with SM/CHOL > SOPC/CHOL > DOPC/CHOL > PC. Although much more resistant to stretch than the single-component PC bilayers, the elastic response of vesicle bilayers made from the ternary phospholipid/CHOL mixtures showed an abrupt softening (discontinuity in slope), when immediately subjected to a steady ramp of tension at the low temperature (15°C). However, the discontinuities in elastic stretch resistance at low temperature vanished when the bilayers were held at ∼1 mN/m prestress for long times before a tension ramp and when tested at the higher temperature 32–33°C. The elastic moduli of single-component PC and DOPC/CHOL bilayers changed very little with temperature, whereas the moduli of the binary SOPC/CHOL and SM/CHOL bilayers diminished markedly with increase in temperature, as did the ternary SOPC/SM/CHOL system. For all systems, increasing temperature increased the water permeability but decreased rupture tension. Concomitantly, the measurements of permeability exhibited a prominent correlation with the rupture tension across all the systems. Together, these micromechanical tests of binary and ternary phospholipid/CHOL bilayers demonstrate that PC hydrocarbon chain unsaturation and temperature are major determinants of the mechanical and permeation properties of membranes composed of raft microdomain-forming lipids.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.107.121731
Starting Page	4725
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15420086
e-ISSN	15420086
Journal	Biophysical Journal
Issue Number	12
Volume Number	94
Language	English
Publisher	The Biophysical Society
Publisher Date	2008-06-15
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The Biophysical Society
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biophysics

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