NDLI: EBNA-2 of herpesvirus papio diverges significantly from the type A and type B EBNA-2 proteins of Epstein-Barr virus but retains an efficient transactivation domain with a conserved hydrophobic motif.

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Sequence and structure alignment of paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase with influenza virus neuraminidase.

Evidence for a functional subclass of the RTVL-H family of human endogenous retrovirus-like sequences.

EBNA-2 of herpesvirus papio diverges significantly from the type A and type B EBNA-2 proteins of Epstein-Barr virus but retains an efficient transactivation domain with a conserved hydrophobic motif.

Neutralizing linear epitopes of B19 parvovirus cluster in the VP1 unique and VP1-VP2 junction regions.

RNA duplex unwinding activity of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3Dpol.

Prolonged replication in the mouse central nervous system of reoviruses isolated from persistently infected cell cultures.

Modification of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F during infection by influenza virus.

Analysis of transcription factors binding to the duplicated PEA1 and PEA3 sites that are required for polyomavirus mutant expression in PCC4 embryonic carcinoma cells.

Role of conserved glycosylation sites in maturation and transport of influenza A virus hemagglutinin.

Molecular comparison of the structural proteins encoding gene clusters of two related Lactobacillus delbrueckii bacteriophages.

Fowlpox virus recombinants expressing the envelope glycoprotein of an avian reticuloendotheliosis retrovirus induce neutralizing antibodies and reduce viremia in chickens.

Truncations of the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane protein confer expanded virus host range by removing a block to virus entry into cells.

Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A blocks calcium mobilization in B lymphocytes.

Synthesis and assembly of hepatitis A virus-specific proteins in BS-C-1 cells.

A small highly basic protein is encoded in overlapping frame within the P gene of vesicular stomatitis virus.

Repression of endogenous p53 transactivation function in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells by human papillomavirus type 16 E6, human mdm-2, and mutant p53.

Recombinant feline leukemia virus genes detected in naturally occurring feline lymphosarcomas.

Postabsorption neutralization of poliovirus.

The mitogenic activity of human T-cell leukemia virus type I is T-cell associated and requires the CD2/LFA-3 activation pathway.

Human papillomavirus type 18 E7 protein requires intact Cys-X-X-Cys motifs for zinc binding, dimerization, and transformation but not for Rb binding.

Alteration of location of dimer linkage sequence in retroviral RNA: little effect on replication or homologous recombination.

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Definition of a subset of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that are permissive to human cytomegalovirus infection.

Endogenous expression of E1A in human cells enhances the effect of adenovirus E3 on class I major histocompatibility complex antigen expression.

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Comparison of trans-dominant inhibitory mutant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genes expressed by retroviral vectors in human T lymphocytes.

Immunological cross-reactions and interactions between the Drosophila melanogaster ref(2)P protein and sigma rhabdovirus proteins.

Complex nature of the major viral polyadenylated transcripts in Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors.

Regulated splicing of adenovirus type 5 E4 transcripts and regulated cytoplasmic accumulation of E4 mRNA.

Analysis of the BZLF1 promoter of Epstein-Barr virus: identification of an anti-immunoglobulin response sequence.

Identification of tRNAs incorporated into wild-type and mutant human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

An RNA stem-loop structure directs hepatitis B virus genomic RNA encapsidation.

Characterization of a temperature-sensitive influenza B virus mutant defective in neuraminidase.

Reduced cell surface expression of processed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein in the presence of Nef.

Ribonucleoprotein complexes of hepatitis delta virus.

Processing of the envelope glycoproteins of pestiviruses.

Contributions of the brome mosaic virus RNA-3 3'-nontranslated region to replication and translation.

Effect of intergenic consensus sequence flanking sequences on coronavirus transcription.

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Interchangeability of the adsorption proteins of bacteriophages Ff and IKe.

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Selection for specific sequences in the external envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 upon primary infection.

Experimental transmission of human hepatitis delta virus to the laboratory mouse.

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Adenovirus precursor to terminal protein interacts with the nuclear matrix in vivo and in vitro.

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Herpetic stromal keratitis in the reconstituted scid mouse model.

Cross-reactive lysis of human targets infected with prototypic and clinical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains by murine anti-HIV-1 IIIB env-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Identification of EBNA1 amino acid sequences required for the interaction of the functional elements of the Epstein-Barr virus latent origin of DNA replication.

Genetic definition of a new bovine papillomavirus type 1 open reading frame, E5B, that encodes a hydrophobic protein involved in altering host-cell protein processing.

The vaccinia virus 14-kilodalton fusion protein forms a stable complex with the processed protein encoded by the vaccinia virus A17L gene.

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Protective anti-reovirus monoclonal antibodies and their effects on viral pathogenesis.

Hepatitis B virus differentially suppresses myelopoiesis and displays tropism for immature hematopoietic cells.

Selective interference with class I major histocompatibility complex presentation of the major immediate-early protein following infection with human cytomegalovirus.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA cleavage and encapsidation require the product of the UL28 gene: isolation and characterization of two UL28 deletion mutants.

Identification and characterization of lef-1, a baculovirus gene involved in late and very late gene expression.

Mutational analysis of the envelope gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus.

Cross-protection against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus mediated by a CD4+ T-cell clone specific for an envelope glycoprotein epitope of Lassa virus.

The adenovirus L3 23-kilodalton proteinase cleaves the amino-terminal head domain from cytokeratin 18 and disrupts the cytokeratin network of HeLa cells.

Characterization and temporal regulation of mRNAs encoded by vaccinia virus intermediate-stage genes.

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Mutational analysis of the central domain of adenovirus virus-associated RNA mandates a revision of the proposed secondary structure.

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Secondary structure of gp160 and gp120 envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study.

Efficient neutralization and disruption of rhinovirus by chimeric ICAM-1/immunoglobulin molecules.

Release of human immunodeficiency virus by THP-1 cells and human macrophages is regulated by cellular adherence and activation.

Genetic heterogeneity among isolates of Ross River virus from different geographical regions.

RNA-binding properties of a translational activator, the adenovirus L4 100-kilodalton protein.

Human foamy virus polypeptides: identification of env and bel gene products.

Legitimate and illegitimate cleavage of human immunodeficiency virus glycoproteins by furin.

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Mutational analysis of the leucine zipper-like motif of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope transmembrane glycoprotein.

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Inhibition of retrovirus-induced disease in mice by camptothecin.

Effect of linker insertion mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene on activation of viral protease expressed in bacteria.

Transforming variants of the avian myc-containing retrovirus FH3 arise prior to phenotypic selection.

Association of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein with particles depends on interactions between the third variable and conserved regions of gp120.

An immortalized human fibroblast cell line is permissive for human cytomegalovirus infection.

A single amino acid substitution in the V1 loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 alters cellular tropism.

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A monoclonal antibody to the CDR-3 region of CD4 inhibits soluble CD4 binding to virions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

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Simian virus 40 small-t antigen binds two zinc ions.

Effect of amino acid changes in the V1/V2 region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 glycoprotein on subunit association, syncytium formation, and recognition by a neutralizing antibody.

Fewer protective cytotoxic T-cell epitopes than T-helper-cell epitopes on vesicular stomatitis virus.

Complementation of a poliovirus defective genome by a recombinant vaccinia virus which provides poliovirus P1 capsid precursor in trans.

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Hybrid hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid bearing an immunodominant region from hepatitis B virus surface antigen.

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EBNA-2 of herpesvirus papio diverges significantly from the type A and type B EBNA-2 proteins of Epstein-Barr virus but retains an efficient transactivation domain with a conserved hydrophobic motif.

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Ling, P. D. Ryon, J. J. Hayward, S. D.
Abstract	EBNA-2 contributes to the establishment of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency in B cells and to the resultant alterations in B-cell growth pattern by up-regulating expression from specific viral and cellular promoters. We have taken a comparative approach toward characterizing functional domains within EBNA-2. To this end, we have cloned and sequenced the EBNA-2 gene from the closely related baboon virus herpesvirus papio (HVP). All human EBV isolates have either a type A or type B EBNA-2 gene. However, the HVP EBNA-2 gene falls into neither the type A category nor the type B category, suggesting that the separation into these two subtypes may have been a recent evolutionary event. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences indicates 37% amino acid identity with EBV type A EBNA-2 and 35% amino acid identity with type B EBNA-2. To define the domains of EBNA-2 required for transcriptional activation, the DNA binding domain of the GAL4 protein was fused to overlapping segments of EBV EBNA-2. This approach identified a 40-amino-acid (40-aa) EBNA-2 activation domain located between aa 437 and 477. Transactivation ability was completely lost when the amino-terminal boundary of this domain was moved to aa 441, indicating that the motif at aa 437 to 440, Pro-Ile-Leu-Phe, contains residues critical for function. The aa 437 boundary identified in these experiments coincides precisely with a block of conserved sequences in HVP EBNA-2, and the comparable carboxy-terminal region of HVP EBNA-2 also functioned as a strong transcriptional activation domain when fused to the Gal4(1-147) protein. The EBV and HVP EBNA-2 activation domains share a mixed proline-rich, negatively charged character with a striking conservation of positionally equivalent hydrophobic residues. The importance of the individual amino acids making up the Pro-Ile-Leu-Phe motif was examined by mutagenesis. Any alteration of these residues was found to reduce transactivation efficiency, with changes at the Pro-437 and Phe-440 positions producing the most deleterious effects. Activation of the EBV latency C promoter by EBNA-2 was shown to be dependent on the presence of the carboxy-terminal activation domain. However, this requirement was generic, rather than specific, since the EBNA-2 activation domain could be replaced with those from the herpes simplex virus (HSV) VP16 protein or the EBV Rta protein. Potential karyophilic signals within EBNA-2 were examined by introducing oligonucleotides encoding positively charged amino acid groupings that might serve in this capacity into a cytoplasmic test protein, HSV delta IE175, and by examining the intracellular localization of the resulting proteins. This assay identified a strong nuclear localization signal between EBV amino acids (aa) 478 to 485, which was conserved in HVP, and a weaker noncanonical signal between EBV aa 341 to 355, which was not conserved in HVP.
Starting Page	2990
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10985514
e-ISSN	10985514
Journal	Journal of Virology
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	67
Language	English
Publisher Date	1993-06-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology Immunology Microbiology Insect Science

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