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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Peterson, Johnny W. Comer, Jason E. Baze, Wallace B. Noffsinger, David M. Autumn, Wenglikowski Walberg, Kristin G. Hardcastle, Jason Pawlik, Jennifer Bush, Kathryn Taormina, Joanna Moen, Scott Thomas, John Chatuev, Bagram M. Sower, Laurie Chopra, Ashok K. Stanberry, Lawrence R. Sawada, Ritsuko Scholz, Wolfgang W. Sircar, Jagadish |
| Copyright Year | 2007 |
| Abstract | Dutch-belted and New Zealand White rabbits were passively immunized with AVP-21D9, a human monoclonal antibody to protective antigen (PA), at the time of Bacillus anthracis spore challenge using either nasal instillation or aerosol challenge techniques. AVP-21D9 (10 mg/kg) completely protected both rabbit strains against lethal infection with Bacillus anthracis Ames spores, regardless of the inoculation method. Further, all but one of the passively immunized animals (23/24) were completely resistant to rechallenge with spores by either respiratory challenge method at 5 weeks after primary challenge. Analysis of the sera at 5 weeks after primary challenge showed that residual human anti-PA levels decreased by 85 to 95%, but low titers of rabbit-specific anti-PA titers were also measured. Both sources of anti-PA could have contributed to protection from rechallenge. In a subsequent study, bacteriological and histopathology analyses revealed that B. anthracis disseminated to the bloodstream in some naïve animals as early as 24 h postchallenge and increased in frequency with time. AVP-21D9 significantly reduced the dissemination of the bacteria to the bloodstream and to various organs following infection. Examination of tissue sections from infected control animals, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the Gram stain, showed edema and/or hemorrhage in the lungs and the presence of bacteria in mediastinal lymph nodes, with necrosis and inflammation. Tissue sections from infected rabbits dosed with AVP-21D9 appeared comparable to corresponding tissues from uninfected animals despite lethal challenge with B. anthracis Ames spores. Concomitant treatment with AVP-21D9 at the time of challenge conferred complete protection in the rabbit inhalation anthrax model. Early treatment increased the efficacy progressively and in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, AVP-21D9 could offer an adjunct or alternative clinical treatment regimen against inhalation anthrax. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00352-07 |
| Ending Page | 3424 |
| Page Count | 11 |
| Starting Page | 3414 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00199567 |
| e-ISSN | 10985522 |
| Journal | Infection and Immunity |
| Issue Number | 7 |
| Volume Number | 75 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| Publisher Date | 2007-07-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | American Society for Microbiology |
| Subject Keyword | Immunology Microbiology Parasitology Infectious Diseases Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Infectious Diseases Parasitology Immunology Microbiology |
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