NDLI: Activation of gene expression by herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP0 occurs at the level of mRNA synthesis.

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Expression status of Tax protein in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-transformed MT4 cells: recall of MT4 cells distributed by the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program.

Transformation and tumorigenic properties of a mutant polyomavirus containing a middle T antigen defective in Shc binding.

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pol gene diversity of five human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes: evidence for naturally occurring mutations that contribute to drug resistance, limited recombination patterns, and common ancestry for subtypes B and D.

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Phosphorylation sites in polyomavirus large T antigen that regulate its function in viral, but not cellular, DNA synthesis.

Cyclin-dependent kinase regulation of the replication functions of polyomavirus large T antigen.

Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro by a novel combination of anti-Tat single-chain intrabodies and NF-kappa B antagonists.

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Activation of gene expression by herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP0 occurs at the level of mRNA synthesis.

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cis elements that contribute to geminivirus transcriptional regulation and the efficiency of DNA replication.

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Activation of gene expression by herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP0 occurs at the level of mRNA synthesis.

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Jordan, R. Schaffer, P. A.
Abstract	ICP0 is a nuclear phosphoprotein involved in the activation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gene expression during lytic infection and reactivation from viral latency. Although available evidence suggests that ICP0 acts at the level of transcription, definitive studies specifically addressing this issue have not been reported. In the present study we measured the ability of ICP0 to activate gene expression (i) from promoters representing the major kinetic classes of viral genes in transient expression assays and (ii) from the same promoters during viral infection at multiplicities of infection ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 PFU/cell. The levels of synthesis and steady-state accumulation of mRNA, mRNA stability, and levels of protein synthesis were compared in cells transfected with a reporter plasmid in the presence and absence of ICP0 and in cells infected with wild-type HSV-1 or an ICP0 null mutant, n212. In transient expression assays and during viral infection at all multiplicities tested, the levels of steady-state mRNA and protein were significantly lower in the absence of ICP0, indicating that ICP0 activates gene expression at the level of mRNA accumulation. In transient expression assays and during infection at low multiplicities (< 1 PFU/cell) in the presence or absence of ICP0, marked increases in the levels of viral mRNAs accompanied by proportional increases in the levels of protein synthesis were observed with increasing multiplicity. At a high multiplicity (5 PFU/cell) in the presence or absence of ICP0, mRNA levels did not increase as a function of multiplicity and changes in the levels of protein were no longer related to changes in the levels of mRNA. Collectively, these tests indicate that transcription of viral genes is rate limiting at low multiplicities and that translation is rate limiting at high multiplicities, independent of ICP0. Consistent with the lower levels of mRNA detected in the absence of ICP0, the rates of transcription initiation measured by nuclear run-on assays were uniformly lower in cells infected with the ICP0 null mutant at all multiplicities tested, implying that ICP0 enhances transcription at or before initiation or both. No evidence was found of posttranscriptional effects of ICP0 (i.e., effects on the stability of mRNA, nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution, polyribosomal mRNA distribution, or rates of protein synthesis). Taken together, these results suggest that ICP0 activates gene expression prior to or at the level of initiation of mRNA synthesis in transient expression assays and during viral infection. Based on these findings; we hypothesize that the exaggerated multiplicity-dependent growth phenotype characteristic of ICP0 null mutants reflects the requirement for ICP0 under conditions where the steady-state level of mRNA is rate limiting, such as during low-multiplicity infection and reactivation from latency.
Starting Page	6850
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10985514
e-ISSN	10985514
Journal	Journal of Virology
Issue Number	9
Volume Number	71
Language	English
Publisher Date	1997-09-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology Immunology Microbiology Insect Science

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