NDLI: Heparan Sulfate Binding Can Contribute to the Neurovirulence of Neuroadapted and Nonneuroadapted Sindbis Viruses▿

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Ryman, Kate D. Gardner, Christina L. Burke, Crystal W. Meier, Kathryn C. Thompson, Joseph M. Klimstra, William B.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Cell culture-adapted laboratory strains of Sindbis virus (SB) exhibit efficient initial attachment to cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) receptors. In contrast, non-cell-adapted strains, such as the SB consensus sequence virus TR339, interact weakly with HS and cell surfaces. Regardless of their HS binding phenotype, most SB strains do not cause fatal disease in adult mice, whether inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.) or intracranially (i.c.). However, laboratory strains of SB can be rendered neurovirulent for adult mice by introduction of a glutamine (Gln)-to-histidine (His) mutation at position 55 of the E2 envelope glycoprotein. In the current work, we have determined that E2 His 55-containing viruses require a second-site mutation (Glu to Lys) at E2 position 70 that confers efficient HS binding in order to exhibit virulence for adult mice and that virulence is correlated with very high infectivity for many cell types. Furthermore, introduction of E2 Lys 70 or certain other HS-binding mutations alone also increased morbidity and/or mortality over that of TR339 for older mice inoculated i.c. However, all viruses containing single HS-binding mutations were attenuated in s.c. inoculated suckling mice in comparison with TR339. These results suggest that HS binding may attenuate viral disease that is dependent on high-titer viremia; however, efficient cell attachment through HS binding can increase virulence, presumably through enhancing the replication of SB within specific host tissues such as the brain.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02494-06
Ending Page	3573
Page Count	11
Starting Page	3563
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0022538X
e-ISSN	10985514
Journal	Journal of Virology
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	81
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2007-04-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Immunology Virology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology Immunology Microbiology Insect Science

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