NDLI: Structures of microfilament destabilizing toxins bound to actin provide insight into toxin design and activity

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Allingham, John S. Zampella, Angela D'auria, Maria Valeria Rayment, Ivan
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	Marine macrolides that disrupt the actin cytoskeleton are promising candidates for cancer treatment. Here, we present the actin-bound x-ray crystal structures of reidispongiolide A and C and sphinxolide B, three marine macrolides found among a recently discovered family of cytotoxic compounds. Their structures allow unequivocal assignment of the absolute configuration for each compound. A comparison of their actin-binding site to macrolides found in the trisoxazole family, as well as the divalent macrolide, swinholide A, reveals the existence of a common binding surface for a defined segment of their macrocyclic ring. This surface is located on a hydrophobic patch adjacent to the cleft separating domains 1 and 3 at the barbed-end of actin. The large area surrounding this surface accommodates a wide variety of conformations and designs observed in the macrocyclic component of barbed-end-targeting macrolides. Conversely, the binding pocket for the macrolide tail, located within the cleft itself, shows very limited variation. Functional characterization of these macrolides by using in vitro actin filament severing and polymerization assays demonstrate the necessity of the N-methyl-vinylformamide moiety at the terminus of the macrolide tail for toxin potency. These analyses also show the importance of stable interactions between the macrocyclic ring and the hydrophobic patch on actin for modifying filament structure and how this stability can be compromised by subtle changes in macrolactone ring composition. By identifying the essential components of these complex natural products that underlie their high actin affinity, we have established a framework for designing new therapeutic agents.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502089102
Ending Page	14532
Page Count	6
Starting Page	14527
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	41
Volume Number	102
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2005-10-11
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	General Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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