NDLI: Radiation-induced cell death: importance of lysosomal destabilization

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Persson, H. Lennart Kurz, Tino Eaton, John W. Brunk, Ulf T.
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	The mechanisms involved in radiation-induced cellular injury and death remain incompletely understood. In addition to the direct formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (HO · ) by radiolysis of water, oxidative stress events in the cytoplasm due to formation of H2O2 may also be important. Since the major pool of low-mass redox-active intracellular iron seems to reside within lysosomes, arising from the continuous intralysosomal autophagocytotic degradation of ferruginous materials, formation of H2O2 inside and outside these organelles may cause lysosomal labilization with release to the cytosol of lytic enzymes and low-mass iron. If of limited magnitude, such release may induce ‘reparative autophagocytosis’, causing additional accumulation of redox-active iron within the lysosomal compartment. We have used radio-resistant histiocytic lymphoma (J774) cells to assess the importance of intralysosomal iron and lysosomal rupture in radiation-induced cellular injury. We found that a 40 Gy radiation dose increased the ‘loose’ iron content of the (still viable) cells approx. 5-fold when assayed 24 h later. Cytochemical staining revealed that most redox-active iron was within the lysosomes. The increase of intralysosomal iron was associated with ‘reparative autophagocytosis’, and sensitized cells to lysosomal rupture and consequent apoptotic/necrotic death following a second, much lower dose of radiation (20 Gy) 24 h after the first one. A high-molecular-mass derivative of desferrioxamine, which specifically localizes intralysosomally following endocytic uptake, added to the culture medium before either the first or the second dose of radiation, stabilized lysosomes and largely prevented cell death. These observations may provide a biological rationale for fractionated radiation.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20050271
Starting Page	877
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14708728
e-ISSN	14708728
Journal	Biochemical Journal
Issue Number	Pt 3
Volume Number	389
Language	English
Publisher	Portland Press Ltd.
Publisher Date	2005-08-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Portland Press Ltd.
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Molecular Biology Biochemistry

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