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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Johnson, C. Antwerp, D. Van Hope, T. J. |
| Abstract | The potent transcriptional activities of Rel/NF-kappaB proteins are regulated in the cytoplasm and nucleus by the inhibitor, IkappaBalpha. The mechanism, by which IkappaBalpha can either sequester NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm or act as a nuclear post-induction repressor of NF-kappaB, is uncertain. We find that IkappaBalpha shuttles continuously between the nucleus and cytoplasm. This shuttling requires a previously unidentified CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES) located within the N-terminal domain of IkappaBalpha at amino acids 45-55. Deletion or mutation of the N-terminal NES results in nuclear localization of IkappaBalpha. NF-kappaB (p65) association with IkappaBalpha affects steady-state localization but does not inhibit its shuttling. Endogenous complexes of IkappaBalpha-NF-kappaB shuttle and will accumulate in the nucleus when CRM1 export is blocked. We find TNFalpha can activate the nuclear IkappaBalpha-NF-kappaB complexes by the classical mechanism of proteasome-mediated degradation of IkappaBalpha. These studies reveal a more dynamic nucleocytoplasmic distribution for IkappaBalpha and NF-kappaB suggesting previously unknown strategies for regulating this ubiquitous family of transcription activators. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/18.23.6682 |
| Ending Page | 6693 |
| Page Count | 12 |
| Starting Page | 6682 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14602075 |
| e-ISSN | 14602075 |
| Journal | The EMBO Journal |
| Issue Number | 23 |
| Volume Number | 18 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 1999-12-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) Immunology and Microbiology(all) Neuroscience(all) Molecular Biology Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Neuroscience Immunology and Microbiology Medicine Molecular Biology |
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