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| Content Provider | OECD iLibrary |
|---|---|
| Organization | OECD |
| Abstract | Depuis 2007 environ, le pays connaît une « renaissance énergétique » grâce à ses abondantes réserves d’huiles et de gaz de schiste. Le nouvel essor de la production pétrolière et gazière commence à avoir des effets économiques perceptibles et a changé la situation des prix du gaz naturel aux États-Unis, stimulant la compétitivité. Pour tirer pleinement parti de cette évolution, il faudra des investissements significatifs. Le gouvernement fédéral et les États captent une partie des rentes des ressources, mais il existe des possibilités d’augmenter la fiscalité et de mettre ces recettes au service de l’amélioration du bien-être futur. Alors que la taxation des rentes des ressources naturelles via l’impôt sur les bénéfices peut être moins distorsive que d’autres formes de fiscalité, seul un État y a recours. La production de ressources en hydrocarbures de schiste, à l’instar d’autres modes d’extraction de ressources, s’accompagne d’un certain nombre de défis environnementaux. Pour respecter les demandes d’utilisation des ressources en eau, il faut veiller à l’existence de droits sur l’eau appropriés, et les autorités chargées de la réglementation au niveau fédéral et à celui des États doivent surveiller de près les répercussions environnementales de la fracturation hydraulique et renforcer la réglementation autant que nécessaire.Le gaz naturel peut être une « énergie relais » dans la transition vers une économie sobre en carbone et contribuer à réduire les émissions en entraînant le remplacement du charbon. Des mesures d’accompagnement seraient souhaitables pour empêcher que le gaz naturel entrave le développement des énergies renouvelables et que la faiblesse des prix paralyse l’innovation. |
| Page Count | 29 |
| Starting Page | 95 |
| Ending Page | 123 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | OECD Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2016-01-29 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Economics |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
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