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| Content Provider | OECD iLibrary |
|---|---|
| Organization | OECD |
| Abstract | L’économie suédoise a accusé un net ralentissement en 2001. A 1¼ pour cent, l’expansion de la production s’est établie très en deçà de son potentiel, estimé entre 2¼ et 2½ pour cent. Après une croissance supérieure à 3½ pour cent en 2000, la décélération a été plus marquée que dans la zone euro. La consommation privée avait déjà beaucoup faibli vers le milieu de 2000 et elle est restée atone pendant toute l’année 2001. La dégradation de la confiance des consommateurs, surtout après l’éclatement de la bulle sur le marché boursier, a joué un rôle important dans ce contexte. Par la suite, le fléchissement de la demande mondiale n’a fait qu’accentuer encore davantage le tassement de l’activité, notamment en raison de la spécialisation du pays dans la production de biens et de services liés aux technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC). Ces facteurs mis à part, l’environnement macroéconomique est resté propice à la croissance. Les politiques budgétaire et monétaire ont conservé une orientation expansionniste, tandis que la hausse des prix de l’immobilier et une ample dépréciation du taux de change ont également contribué à stimuler l’activité. Malgré une certaine stabilisation ces derniers temps, la confiance des consommateurs et des entreprises se redresse depuis la fin de 2001 et, comme en témoignent désormais divers indicateurs de la demande et de la production, notamment les exportations, la production industrielle et les ventes au détail, une reprise est engagée. Le ralentissement de l’activité qui s’est produit en 2001 est allé de pair avec une baisse conjoncturelle des gains de productivité, mais la croissance de l’emploi s’est aussi beaucoup affaiblie, surtout lorsqu’on la mesure par les heures travaillées (graphique 1). Le taux de chômage a cessé de reculer, mais il n’a pas augmenté comme cela s’est vu ailleurs et il demeure inférieur à son niveau structurel estimé par l’OCDE. Ainsi, avec un taux de chômage se chiffrant actuellement à 4 pour cent de la population active, la Suède aborde la reprise avec un marché du travail relativement tendu... |
| Page Count | 54 |
| Starting Page | 21 |
| Ending Page | 43 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | OECD Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2002-10-02 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Economics |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
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