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| Content Provider | OECD iLibrary |
|---|---|
| Organization | OECD |
| Abstract | La politique de la concurrence est ancienne en Finlande; la première décision connue en la matière a été prononcée en 1837 à l’encontre d’une entente entre manufacturiers. Son évolution est liée en grande partie au mode de développement industriel particulier de ce pays, qui se rattache lui-même à son histoire politique. Ainsi, de nombreuses entreprises se sont développées dans le secteur des infrastructures comme l’électricité et les télécommunications, ce qui a permis au pays d’échapper à la domination de l’Union soviétique lorsqu’elle constituait une lourde menace. Mais ultérieurement, cette concentration a aussi facilité la libéralisation précoce et réussie de ces secteurs avec la réforme économique des années 80, dans laquelle la politique de la concurrence a joué un rôle prépondérant. D’un autre côté, la taille limitée et l’isolement de la Finlande par rapport aux autres marchés, associée à la volonté de réussir sur les marchés à l’exportation, ont encouragé la concentration de certains secteurs comme celui des produits de la sylviculture. Le problème des ententes économiques a été examiné pour la première fois en 1928 mais le contrôle des prix a été longtemps le principal moyen de faire face aux pratiques commerciales abusives ; en 1984, 40 % des prix étaient encore réglementés. Les producteurs nationaux étaient protégés de la concurrence étrangère par des licences d’importation. La politique de nationalisme économique a également favorisé l’apparition d’entreprises publiques et la forte participation de l’État au capital de ces entreprises demeure un élément essentiel du paysage industriel finlandais. Durant la majeure partie du vingtième siècle, la politique de la concurrence est restée empreinte de la culture de corporatisme collectif qui prévalait à l’époque |
| Page Count | 33 |
| Starting Page | 85 |
| Ending Page | 107 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | OECD Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2005-10-13 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Governance |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
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