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| Content Provider | OECD iLibrary |
|---|---|
| Organization | OECD |
| Abstract | En République populaire de Chine, les conditions d’exercice d’une concurrence vigoureuse ont été rétablies après une interruption d’une trentaine d’années dans le cadre de l’expérience de planification centralisée. La transition a commencé dans les années 70 par l’encouragement à l’initiative sur les marchés locaux, qui a entraîné une vive concurrence entre les entreprises des bourgs et des villages comme entre les régions. L’ouverture aux marchés extérieurs a déstabilisé les monopoles. Dans les années 1990, la concurrence est devenue bien ancrée; les réformes se sont alors attachées à créer les lois et les institutions nécessaires au fonctionnement d’une économie de marché à l’échelle nationale. En août 2007, la Chine a adopté une législation générale sur la concurrence qui est entrée en vigueur un an plus tard. La loi antimonopole s’inspire des pratiques internationales habituelles en matière de restrictions horizontales et verticales, d’abus de position dominante et de fusions. À l’instar du droit de la concurrence appliqué dans de nombreux pays, elle poursuit plusieurs objectifs de politique publique. De nombreuses précisions, telles que les seuils de notification des fusions, doivent encore être données par des règlements et des principes directeurs, mais aussi par la jurisprudence. La Chine est en train d’achever la restructuration des industries lourdes héritées de la planification. Aux défis du passage à une économie de marché succèdent ceux du développement ainsi que les problèmes habituels de la réforme réglementaire pour fournir des infrastructures et des services publics dans le cadre du marché. La complexité des rapports entre les échelons nationaux et locaux des pouvoirs publics rend encore plus difficile de limiter les interventions officielles qui tentent de protéger des intérêts particuliers en freinant la concurrence et en favorisant certaines entreprises. |
| Page Count | 40 |
| Starting Page | 125 |
| Ending Page | 160 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | OECD Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2009-11-04 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Governance |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
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