Loading...
Please wait, while we are loading the content...
Similar Documents
Dermatitis during Spaceflight Associated with HSV-1 Reactivation
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Mehta, Satish K. Szpara, Moriah L. Rooney, Bridgette V. Diak, Douglass M. Shipley, Mackenzie M. Renner, Daniel W. Krieger, Stephanie S. Nelman-Gonzalez, Mayra A. Zwart, Sara R. Smith, Scott M. Crucian, Brian E. |
| Copyright Year | 2022 |
| Description | Human alpha herpesviruses herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) establish latency in various cranial nerve ganglia and often reactivate in response to stress-associated immune system dysregulation. Reactivation of Epstein Barr virus (EBV), VZV, HSV-1, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is typically asymptomatic during spaceflight, though live/infectious virus has been recovered and the shedding rate increases with mission duration. The risk of clinical disease, therefore, may increase for astronauts assigned to extended missions (>180 days). Here, we report, for the first time, a case of HSV-1 skin rash (dermatitis) occurring during long-duration spaceflight. The astronaut reported persistent dermatitis during flight, which was treated onboard with oral antihistamines and topical/oral steroids. No HSV-1 DNA was detected in 6-month pre-mission saliva samples, but on flight day 82, a saliva and rash swab both yielded 4.8 copies/ng DNA and 5.3 × $10^{4}$ copies/ng DNA, respectively. Post-mission saliva samples continued to have a high infectious HSV-1 load (1.67 × $10^{7}$ copies/ng DNA). HSV-1 from both rash and saliva samples had 99.9% genotype homology. Additional physiological monitoring, including stress biomarkers (cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and salivary amylase), immune markers (adaptive regulatory and inflammatory plasma cytokines), and biochemical profile markers, including vitamin/mineral status and bone metabolism, are also presented for this case. These data highlight an atypical presentation of HSV-1 during spaceflight and underscore the importance of viral screening during clinical evaluations of in-flight dermatitis to determine viral etiology and guide treatment. |
| Starting Page | 789 |
| e-ISSN | 19994915 |
| DOI | 10.3390/v14040789 |
| Journal | Viruses |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| Volume Number | 14 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2022-04-11 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Viruses Herpes Viral Reactivation Spaceflight Dermatitis Stress Immune Depression |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
