NDLI: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as a Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Treatment of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as a Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Treatment of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Barone, Biagio Calogero, Armando Scafuri, Luca Ferro, Matteo Lucarelli, Giuseppe Zazzo, Erika Di Sicignano, Enrico Falcone, Alfonso Romano, Lorenzo Luca, Luigi De Oliva, Francesco Mirto, Benito Fabio Capone, Federico Imbimbo, Ciro Crocetto, Felice
Copyright Year	2022
Description	Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. Over 75% of non-muscle invasive cancer patients require conservative local treatment, while the remaining 25% of patients undergo radical cystectomy or radiotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a novel class of immunotherapy drugs that restore natural antitumoral immune activity via the blockage of inhibitory receptors and ligands expressed on antigen-presenting cells, T lymphocytes and tumour cells. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer has been expanded from the neoadjuvant setting, i.e., after radical cystectomy, to the adjuvant setting, i.e., before the operative time or chemotherapy, in order to improve the overall survival and to reduce the morbidity and mortality of both the disease and its treatment. However, some patients do not respond to checkpoint inhibitors. As result, the capability for identifying patients that are eligible for this immunotherapy represent one of the efforts of ongoing studies. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the most recent evidence regarding the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, in a neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting, in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Starting Page	2545
e-ISSN	20726694
DOI	10.3390/cancers14102545
Journal	Cancers
Issue Number	10
Volume Number	14
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2022-05-21
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Cancers Urology and Nephrology Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Adjuvant Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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