NDLI: On Emergent Particles and Stable Neutral Plasma Balls in SU(2) Yang-Mills Thermodynamics

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On Emergent Particles and Stable Neutral Plasma Balls in SU(2) Yang-Mills Thermodynamics

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Hofmann, Ralf Grandou, Thierry
Copyright Year	2022
Abstract	For a pure SU(2) Yang–Mills theory in 4D, we revisit the spatial (3D), ball-like region of radius $r_{0}$ in its bulk subject to the pressureless, deconfining phase at $T_{0} = 1.32 T_{c}$ , where $T_{c}$ denotes the critical temperature for the onset of the deconfining–preconfining phase transition. Such a region possesses finite energy density and represents the self-intersection of a figure-eight shaped center-vortex loop if a BPS monopole of core radius ∼ $\frac{r_{0}}{52.4}$ , isolated from its antimonopole by repulsion externally invoked through a transient shift of (anti)caloron holonomy (pair creation), is trapped therein. The entire soliton (vortex line plus region of self-intersection of mass $m_{0}$ containing the monopole) can be considered an excitation of the pressureless and energyless ground state of the confining phase. Correcting an earlier estimate of $r_{0}$ , we show that the vortex-loop self-intersection region associates to the central part of a(n) (anti)caloron and that this region carries one unit of electric U(1) charge via the (electric-magnetic dually interpreted) charge of the monopole. The monopole core quantum vibrates at a thermodynamically determined frequency $ω_{0}$ and is unresolved. For a deconfining-phase plasma oscillation about the zero-pressure background at $T = T_{0}$ , we compute the lowest frequency $Ω_{0}$ within a neutral and homogeneous spatial ball (no trapped monopole) in dependence of its radius $R_{0}$ . For $R_{0} = r_{0}$ a comparison of $Ω_{0}$ with $ω_{0}$ reveals that the neutral plasma oscillates much slower than the same plasma driven by the oscillation of a monopole core.
Starting Page	117
e-ISSN	22181997
DOI	10.3390/universe8020117
Journal	Universe
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	8
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2022-02-12
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Universe Mathematical Physics Su(2) Yang-mills Thermodynamics Deconfining Phase Caloron Confining Phase Center-vortex Loop Electron Bps Monopole Quantum of Action
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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