NDLI: Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

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Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Sa, ša Bjelić Lappalainen, Jukka Baudouin, David Hornung, Ursel Schuler, Julia Melin, Kristian Vogel, Frédéric Konttinen, Jukka Joronen, Tero
Copyright Year	2020
Description	To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new efficient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liqtion (HTL) is a promising technology that can efficiently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the effects of different process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.
Starting Page	3309
e-ISSN	19961073
DOI	10.3390/en13133309
Journal	Energies
Issue Number	13
Volume Number	13
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2020-06-28
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Energies Paper and Wood Hydrothermal Liquefaction Black Liquor Lignin From Black Liquor
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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